virulence

• 名词，指微生物的致病力或毒力，即病原体引起疾病或造成损害的程度；也用于比喻义，表示极度的恶毒、敌意或刻薄。

A noun referring to the degree of pathogenicity or harmfulness of a microorganism, or figuratively, to extreme bitterness or hostility.

不可数

1. Harmfulness of a pathogenC1formalmedical

   The degree or ability of a microorganism to cause disease or damage to a host.

   毒力

   • The virulence of the new strain made it particularly dangerous.
   • Scientists are studying the factors that increase a virus's virulence.
   • High virulence often leads to more severe symptoms in patients.

   同义词deadlinessmalignitynoxiousnesstoxicity

2. Extreme hostility or bitternessC1formal

   Intense and bitter hostility, often expressed in speech or behavior.

   刻毒

   • His speech was filled with virulence against his political opponents.
   • The virulence of her criticism surprised everyone in the room.
   • They argued with a virulence that shocked their friends.

   同义词acrimonybitternesshostilitymalicerancorspitevenomvitriol

   反义词amiabilityfriendlinessgentlenesskindness