civilization

A noun referring to a complex human society characterized by advanced social, cultural, political, and technological development.

ruСуществительное, обозначающее сложное человеческое общество, характеризующееся развитым социальным, культурным, политическим и технологическим уровнем.esSustantivo que designa una sociedad humana compleja, caracterizada por un alto nivel de desarrollo social, cultural, político y tecnológico, así como por el conjunto de logros y formas de vida que la definen.frNom désignant une société humaine complexe caractérisée par un niveau avancé de développement social, culturel, politique et technologique, ainsi que par l'ensemble des réalisations et des modes de vie qui en résultent.deSubstantiv, das eine komplexe menschliche Gesellschaft mit entwickeltem sozialen, kulturellen, politischen und technologischen Niveau bezeichnet.ptSubstantivo que designa uma sociedade humana complexa, caracterizada por um nível avançado de organização social, cultural, política e tecnológica.zh指具有发达社会、文化、政治和技术水平的人类复杂社会，也指这种社会的发展状态或特定文明形态。arاسم يدل على مجتمع بشري معقد يتميز بتطور اجتماعي وثقافي وسياسي وتقني، وعلى الحالة الحضارية أو مستوى التقدم الذي بلغه such مجتمع.

1. Advanced society B1 formal

   A complex human society with developed culture, technology, government, and social structures.

   • Ancient Egyptian civilization built the pyramids.
   • The Indus Valley civilization was one of the earliest urban societies.
   • Modern civilization relies heavily on technology and communication.

   ruЦивилизацияesCivilización (sociedad avanzada)frcivilisationdeZivilisationptCivilizaçãozh文明arالحضارة

   Synonyme: communityculturenationpeoplesociety

   Antonyme: barbarismprimitivenesssavagery

2. Refinement of culture B2 formal

   The process of becoming more advanced, refined, or cultured.

   • The spread of writing was a key step in human civilization.
   • Art and philosophy are hallmarks of civilization.
   • The museum exhibits trace the development of Western civilization.

   ruЦивилизацияesCivilización (refinamiento cultural)frCivilisation (raffinement de la culture)deZivilisationptCivilizaçãozh文明arالتحضر

   Synonyme: advancementcultivationcultureeducationenlightenmentpolishrefinementsophistication

   Antonyme: backwardnessbarbarismcrudenessprimitivenesssavagery

• civilizations plural form
• civilizations' possessive plural form
• civilization's possessive singular form