toughened

Describes something that has been made stronger, harder, or more resilient, often through a physical or metaphorical process.

ruОписывает что-то, что было сделано более прочным, твердым или устойчивым, часто в результате физического или метафорического процесса.esDescribe algo que ha sido hecho más resistente, duro o fuerte, a menudo mediante un proceso físico o metafórico.frDécrit quelque chose qui a été rendu plus résistant, plus dur ou plus robuste, souvent à la suite d'un processus physique ou métaphorique.deBeschreibt etwas, das widerstandsfähiger, härter oder belastbarer gemacht wurde, oft durch einen physischen oder metaphorischen Prozess. Bezieht sich häufig auf Materialien, die gehärtet wurden, oder auf Personen, die gestärkt oder abgehärtet wurden.ptDescreve algo que foi tornado mais forte, resistente ou durável, muitas vezes por meio de um processo físico ou metafórico.zh描述某物经过物理或比喻过程变得更强韧、坚硬或耐用，不易损坏或受影响。arيصف شيئًا صُيِّر أكثر صلابة أو متانة أو قدرة على التحمل، غالبًا نتيجة عملية مادية أو مجازية.

1. Made physically stronger B2 formal

   Having been made harder or more resistant to damage or wear.

   • The glass was toughened to withstand high temperatures.
   • Toughened steel is used in the construction of bridges.
   • The material is toughened by a special chemical process.

   ruУпрочнённыйesEndurecido (físicamente)frrenforcé physiquementdeGehärtetptEndurecidozh强化过的arمُقَوَّى

   Synonyme: case-hardenedhardenedreinforcedstrengthenedtempered

   Antonyme: delicatesoftenedweakened

2. Made mentally or emotionally stronger B2 formal

   Having become more resilient or less sensitive to hardship or difficulty.

   • Years of hardship had toughened him.
   • She was toughened by her experiences in the military.
   • The training program is designed to produce toughened athletes.

   ruЗакалённыйesendurecido (emocionalmente)frendurcideAbgehärtetptEndurecidozh坚强的arمُتَصَلِّب

   Synonyme: case-hardenedfortifiedhardenedinuredseasoned

   Antonyme: fragilesoftenedvulnerableweakened

• more toughened comparative form
• most toughened superlative form

A verb used to indicate the act of making or becoming stronger, more resilient, or more difficult.

ruГлагол, используемый для обозначения действия по приданию или приобретению большей прочности, устойчивости или сложности.esVerbo utilizado para denotar la acción de hacer o volverse más resistente, fuerte, duro o difícil; también puede referirse a hacer a alguien emocionalmente más fuerte o insensible.frVerbe utilisé pour désigner l'action de rendre ou de devenir plus résistant, plus dur ou plus robuste, tant au sens physique que moral.deVerb, das angibt, dass jemand oder etwas härter, widerstandsfähiger, zäher oder strenger gemacht wird oder dies selbst erlangt.ptVerbo usado para indicar a ação de tornar ou se tornar mais forte, resistente ou severo. Pode se referir a tornar algo fisicamente mais resistente, a fortalecer o caráter ou a tornar uma situação mais difícil.zh动词，指使某物变得更强韧、更坚固、更耐用，或指使人变得坚强、更坚毅；也可指使态度、政策等变得更严厉或更强硬。arفعل يدل على جعل الشيء أو الشخص أكثر صلابة أو قوة أو متانة، أو على اكتساب تلك الصلابة والقوة، ويُستعمل أيضًا بمعنى زيادة الشدة أو القسوة.

1. Make stronger or harder B2 formal

   To make something physically stronger, harder, or more resilient.

   • The blacksmith toughened the steel by heating and cooling it.
   • Regular exercise toughens your muscles and bones.
   • The coating is designed to toughen the surface against scratches.

   ruУкреплятьesEndurecer, fortalecerfrDurcir, renforcerdeHärtenptTornar mais resistentezh使坚固arتقوية وتصلb

   Synonyme: annealfortifyhardenreinforceseasonstiffenstrengthentemperthicken

   Antonyme: debilitateenfeeblesoftenweaken

2. Make mentally or emotionally stronger B2 formal

   To make someone more resilient, less sensitive, or better able to handle difficult situations.

   • Living alone in a new city toughened her character.
   • The coach's strict training toughened the players mentally.
   • Adversity can toughen a person's resolve.

   ruЗакалитьesEndurecer (emocionalmente)frendurcir (moralement)deAbhärtenptFortalecer emocionalmentezh磨炼arتقوية النفس

   Synonyme: bracefortifyhardeninuresteelstrengthen

   Antonyme: sensitizesoftenweaken

• toughened past participle
• toughened past simple
• toughening present participle
• toughens third person singular