toughened

• Описывает что-то, что было сделано более прочным, твердым или устойчивым, часто в результате физического или метафорического процесса.

Describes something that has been made stronger, harder, or more resilient, often through a physical or metaphorical process.

1. Made physically strongerB2formal

   Having been made harder or more resistant to damage or wear.

   Упрочнённый

   • The glass was toughened to withstand high temperatures.
   • Toughened steel is used in the construction of bridges.
   • The material is toughened by a special chemical process.

   Synonymscase-hardenedhardenedreinforcedstrengthenedtempered

   Antonymsdelicatesoftenedweakened

2. Made mentally or emotionally strongerB2formal

   Having become more resilient or less sensitive to hardship or difficulty.

   Закалённый

   • Years of hardship had toughened him.
   • She was toughened by her experiences in the military.
   • The training program is designed to produce toughened athletes.

   Synonymscase-hardenedfortifiedhardenedinuredseasoned

   Antonymsfragilesoftenedvulnerableweakened

• Глагол, используемый для обозначения действия по приданию или приобретению большей прочности, устойчивости или сложности.

A verb used to indicate the act of making or becoming stronger, more resilient, or more difficult.

1. Make stronger or harderB2formal

   To make something physically stronger, harder, or more resilient.

   Укреплять

   • The blacksmith toughened the steel by heating and cooling it.
   • Regular exercise toughens your muscles and bones.
   • The coating is designed to toughen the surface against scratches.

   Synonymsannealfortifyhardenreinforceseasonstiffenstrengthentemperthicken

   Antonymsdebilitateenfeeblesoftenweaken

2. Make mentally or emotionally strongerB2formal

   To make someone more resilient, less sensitive, or better able to handle difficult situations.

   Закалить

   • Living alone in a new city toughened her character.
   • The coach's strict training toughened the players mentally.
   • Adversity can toughen a person's resolve.

   Synonymsbracefortifyhardeninuresteelstrengthen

   Antonymssensitizesoftenweaken