confounding

Describes something that is extremely confusing, puzzling, or surprising, often in a way that defeats expectations or understanding.

ruОписывает что-то чрезвычайно запутанное, озадачивающее или удивительное, часто таким образом, что это противоречит ожиданиям или пониманию.esDescribe algo extremadamente confuso, desconcertante o sorprendente, a menudo de una manera que contradice las expectativas o la comprensión.frDécrit quelque chose d'extrêmement déroutant, déconcertant ou surprenant, souvent d'une manière qui contredit les attentes ou la compréhension.deBeschreibt etwas, das extrem verwirrend, verblüffend oder überraschend ist, oft so, dass es den Erwartungen oder dem Verständnis widerspricht.ptDescreve algo extremamente confuso, desconcertante ou surpreendente, muitas vezes de modo a contrariar as expectativas ou o entendimento.zh形容某事物极其令人困惑、费解或出人意料，常指与预期或理解相矛盾、使人不知所措。arيصف شيئًا شديد الالتباس أو الإرباك أو الإدهاش، وغالبًا على نحو يخالف التوقعات أو يبعث على الحيرة.

1. Confusing or contradictory C1 formal

   Causing confusion, surprise, or bewilderment by being contradictory or unexpected.

   • The confounding results of the experiment puzzled the researchers.
   • He gave a confounding answer that left everyone speechless.
   • The confounding nature of the problem made it difficult to solve.

   ruСбивающий с толкуesdesconcertantefrdéconcertantdeVerwirrendptDesconcertantezh令人困惑的arمُحَيِّر

   Synonyms: astonishingastoundingbafflingbewilderingconfusingcontradictoryperplexingpuzzlingsurprisingunexpected

   Antonyms: clarifyingexplanatoryilluminatingstraightforwardunderstandable

• more confounding comparative form
• most confounding superlative form

A verb used to indicate the act of causing surprise, confusion, or bewilderment, or to prove something wrong.

ruГлагол, используемый для обозначения действия, вызывающего удивление, замешательство или недоумение, или для доказательства ошибочности чего-либо.esVerbo que se usa para indicar la acción de causar sorpresa, confusión o perplejidad, o para demostrar que algo es erróneo o falso.frVerbe utilisé pour désigner une action qui provoque la surprise, la confusion ou la perplexité, ou pour démontrer la fausseté de quelque chose.deVerb, das verwendet wird, um eine Handlung zu bezeichnen, die Überraschung, Verwirrung oder Ratlosigkeit hervorruft, oder um die Fehlerhaftigkeit von etwas zu beweisen.ptVerbo usado para indicar a ação de causar surpresa, perplexidade ou confusão, ou de refutar ou provar que algo está errado.zh动词，表示使人感到惊讶、困惑或迷惑，或者证明某事是错误的。arفعل يُستخدم للدلالة على إحداث الحيرة أو الارتباك أو الدهشة، أو لإثبات خطأ شيء ما ودحضه.

1. Confuse or bewilder C1 formal

   To cause someone to become confused or unable to understand something.

   • The complex instructions confounded the new employees.
   • His strange behavior confounded everyone at the party.
   • The magician's trick confounded the audience completely.

   ruСбивать с толкуesconfundir, desconcertarfrDéconcerterdeVerwirrenptConfundirzh使困惑arيُربك ويحيّر

   Synonyms: bafflebemusebewilderconfusedumbfoundflummoxmystifynonplusperplexpuzzle

   Antonyms: clarifyeducateenlightenexplainilluminate

2. Mix up or confuse C1 formal

   To mistakenly treat one thing as another; to fail to distinguish between things.

   • He confounded the two similar-looking twins.
   • The witness confounded the dates of the events.
   • Don't confound correlation with causation.

   ruПутатьesConfundir una cosa con otrafrConfondredeVerwechselnptConfundirzh混淆arالخلط بين الأشياء

   Synonyms: conflateconfusemistakemix upmuddle

   Antonyms: differentiatediscerndistinguishseparate

3. Defeat or frustrate C2 formal

   To prove a plan or expectation wrong; to thwart.

   • The unexpected outcome confounded all predictions.
   • The team's strategy confounded their opponents.
   • The new evidence confounded the prosecution's case.

   ruСорватьesconfundir, frustrarfrDéjouer, contrecarrerdeVereitelnptFrustrarzh挫败arإحباط الخطة أو التوقع

   Synonyms: bafflebalkcounteractdefeatfoilfrustrateimpedethwart

   Antonyms: advanceaidassistfacilitatefurtherhelppromotesupport

• confounded past participle
• confounded past simple
• confounding present participle
• confounds third person singular