confounding

• 形容某事物极其令人困惑、费解或出人意料，常指与预期或理解相矛盾、使人不知所措。

Describes something that is extremely confusing, puzzling, or surprising, often in a way that defeats expectations or understanding.

1. Confusing or contradictoryC1formal

   Causing confusion, surprise, or bewilderment by being contradictory or unexpected.

   令人困惑的

   • The confounding results of the experiment puzzled the researchers.
   • He gave a confounding answer that left everyone speechless.
   • The confounding nature of the problem made it difficult to solve.

   同义词astonishingastoundingbafflingbewilderingconfusingcontradictoryperplexingpuzzlingsurprisingunexpected

   反义词clarifyingexplanatoryilluminatingstraightforwardunderstandable

• 动词，表示使人感到惊讶、困惑或迷惑，或者证明某事是错误的。

A verb used to indicate the act of causing surprise, confusion, or bewilderment, or to prove something wrong.

1. Confuse or bewilderC1formal

   To cause someone to become confused or unable to understand something.

   使困惑

   • The complex instructions confounded the new employees.
   • His strange behavior confounded everyone at the party.
   • The magician's trick confounded the audience completely.

   同义词bafflebemusebewilderconfusedumbfoundflummoxmystifynonplusperplexpuzzle

   反义词clarifyeducateenlightenexplainilluminate

2. Mix up or confuseC1formal

   To mistakenly treat one thing as another; to fail to distinguish between things.

   混淆

   • He confounded the two similar-looking twins.
   • The witness confounded the dates of the events.
   • Don't confound correlation with causation.

   同义词conflateconfusemistakemix upmuddle

   反义词differentiatediscerndistinguishseparate

3. Defeat or frustrateC2formal

   To prove a plan or expectation wrong; to thwart.

   挫败

   • The unexpected outcome confounded all predictions.
   • The team's strategy confounded their opponents.
   • The new evidence confounded the prosecution's case.

   同义词bafflebalkcounteractdefeatfoilfrustrateimpedethwart

   反义词advanceaidassistfacilitatefurtherhelppromotesupport