refined

Describes something that has been improved, made more elegant, or has had impurities removed.

ruОписывает что-то, что было улучшено, сделано более элегантным или очищено от примесей.esDescribe algo que ha sido mejorado, hecho más elegante o depurado de impurezas.frDécrit quelque chose qui a été amélioré, rendu plus élégant ou purifié de ses impuretés.deBeschreibt etwas, das verfeinert, eleganter oder kultivierter gemacht wurde oder von Verunreinigungen befreit ist.ptDescreve algo que foi melhorado, tornado mais elegante ou purificado, livre de impurezas ou imperfeições.zh指经过加工或提升而变得更优雅、更精致，或去除了杂质、更纯净的事物。arيصف شيئًا تم تحسينه أو جعله أكثر أناقة أو تنقية من الشوائب.

1. Elegant and cultured B2 formal

   Having or showing well-developed taste, manners, or education.

   • She has a refined taste in art and music.
   • His refined manners impressed everyone at the dinner party.
   • The hotel offers a refined atmosphere for its guests.

   ruУтончённыйesRefinado, elegante y cultofrraffinédeVornehm und kultiviertptRefinadozh优雅有教养arمُهَذَّب

   Synonyms: civilizedcultivatedculturedelegantgenteelgracefulpolishedsophisticatedsuaveurbane

   Antonyms: boorishcoarsecrudegaucheuncouthunrefinedvulgar

2. Purified or processed B1 formal

   Made pure by having unwanted substances removed.

   • Refined sugar is processed to remove impurities.
   • The company produces refined oil for cooking.
   • Refined metals are used in electronics manufacturing.

   ruОчищенныйesRefinado, purificadofrraffiné (purifié)deGereinigtptRefinadozh精炼的arمُنَقَّى

   Synonyms: processed

   Antonyms: crudeimpurerawunrefined

3. Improved or perfected B2 formal

   Made more effective, precise, or sophisticated through development.

   • The software has a refined user interface.
   • Her refined technique in painting took years to develop.
   • The team presented a refined version of the proposal.

   ruУлучшенныйesrefinado, perfeccionadofraffiné, perfectionnédeVerfeinertptRefinadozh精炼的arمُحسَّن

   Synonyms: cultivateddevelopedenhancedimprovedperfectedpolishedsharpened

   Antonyms: coarsecrudeprimitiverawroughunpolishedunrefined

• more refined comparative form
• most refined superlative form

A verb used to indicate the act of improving something by making small changes, or removing impurities or unwanted elements.

ruГлагол, используемый для обозначения действия по улучшению чего-либо путем внесения небольших изменений или удаления примесей и нежелательных элементов.esVerbo que se usa para indicar la acción de mejorar algo haciendo pequeños cambios o eliminando impurezas y elementos no deseados.frVerbe utilisé pour désigner l'action d'améliorer quelque chose en apportant de petits changements ou en éliminant les impuretés et les éléments indésirables.deVerb, das die Handlung bezeichnet, etwas durch kleine Änderungen zu verbessern oder von Verunreinigungen und unerwünschten Bestandteilen zu befreien.ptVerbo usado para indicar a ação de melhorar algo por meio de pequenas alterações ou de remover impurezas e elementos indesejados.zh动词，指通过做细微的改动或去除杂质与不需要的成分来改进某物。arفعل يُستخدم للدلالة على تحسين شيء ما بإجراء تغييرات صغيرة عليه أو إزالة الشوائب والعناصر غير المرغوب فيها، ويُستعمل أيضًا بمعنى تنقية المواد كالنفط والسكر وتصفية الأسلوب أو المعنى.

1. Purify or remove impurities B2 formal

   To remove unwanted substances from a material, making it pure.

   • The company refines crude oil into gasoline.
   • Sugar is refined from raw cane juice.
   • They use a special process to refine the metal.

   ruОчищатьesRefinar, purificarfrRaffinerdeReinigenptPurificarzh提纯arتنقية

   Synonyms: clarifycleansefilterprocesspurify

   Antonyms: contaminatedefilepollutetaint

2. Improve or perfect B2 formal

   To make something better by making small changes or improvements.

   • She refined her writing skills over many years.
   • The team refined the design based on user feedback.
   • He refined his presentation to make it more persuasive.

   ruУлучшитьesrefinar, mejorarfrAffiner, perfectionnerdeVerbessernptAperfeiçoarzh改进arتحسين

   Synonyms: amelioratebetterenhancehoneimproveperfectpolishsharpen

   Antonyms: degradedeteriorateimpairworsen

• refined past participle
• refined past simple
• refining present participle
• refines third person singular