stifling

Describes an atmosphere or situation that is extremely hot, stuffy, or oppressive, making it difficult to breathe or feel free.

ruОписывает атмосферу или ситуацию, которая чрезвычайно жаркая, душная или гнетущая, затрудняющая дыхание или ощущение свободы.esDescribe un ambiente o situación extremadamente caluroso, sofocante u opresivo que dificulta la respiración o la sensación de libertad.frQualifie une atmosphère ou une situation extrêmement chaude et étouffante qui rend la respiration difficile, ou une ambiance oppressante qui prive de liberté et pèse moralement.deBeschreibt eine Atmosphäre oder Situation, die extrem heiß, schwül oder bedrückend ist und das Atmen oder das Gefühl von Freiheit erschwert.ptDescreve uma atmosfera ou situação extremamente quente, abafada ou opressiva, que dificulta a respiração ou a sensação de liberdade.zh形容空气或环境极其闷热、令人窒息，也形容气氛或处境压抑、令人难以自由呼吸或行动。arيصف الجو أو الوضع الذي يكون شديد الحرارة أو الخانق أو الكاتم بحيث يصعّب التنفس أو يسلبه الحرية. ويشمل المعنى الحسي للهواء الخانق والمعنى المجازي للضغط أو القهر.

1. Oppressively hot and humid B2 formal

   Characterized by extreme heat and lack of fresh air, making it difficult to breathe or feel comfortable.

   • The stifling heat of the desert made travel nearly impossible.
   • The room was stifling, with no windows open and the air thick and heavy.
   • They escaped the stifling summer afternoon by going to the air-conditioned mall.

   ruДушныйessofocantefrÉtouffant (chaleur humide)deSchwülptAbafadozh闷热arخانق الحر

   Synonymes: airlesscloseheavymuggyoppressivesteamysuffocatingsultrysweltering

   Antonymes: airybreezycoolfreshventilated

2. Restrictive or suffocating B2 formal

   Causing a feeling of being restricted, suppressed, or unable to act freely.

   • The company's stifling bureaucracy prevented any innovation.
   • She felt the relationship was becoming stifling and needed space.
   • The political regime was known for its stifling control over the media.

   ruУдушающийesasfixiante, sofocantefrétouffant, oppressantdeErstickendptSufocantezh令人窒息的arخانق

   Synonymes: airlesschokingcloseconstrictingoppressiverepressiverestrictivesmotheringsuffocatingsuppressive

   Antonymes: airyfreeingrefreshing

• more stifling comparative form
• most stifling superlative form

indénombrable

A noun referring to the act of forcefully preventing something or suppressing it by power or authority.

ruСуществительное, обозначающее действие по принудительному предотвращению чего-либо или подавлению этого с помощью силы или власти.esSustantivo que designa la acción de impedir o reprimir algo por la fuerza o la autoridad, o de suprimir una manifestación o emoción.frNom désignant l'action d'empêcher ou de réprimer quelque chose par la force ou l'autorité, ou de supprimer une manifestation, une émotion ou un processus.deSubstantiv, das das gewaltsame oder autoritäre Unterdrücken, Ersticken oder Verhindern von etwas bezeichnet, z. B. von Gefühlen, Meinungen oder Entwicklungen.ptSubstantivo que designa o ato de impedir ou reprimir algo à força, sufocando ou abafando sua manifestação.zh指用武力或权力压制、扼杀某事物的行为；也指使人感到压抑、窒息的状况。arاسم يدل على فعل الكبت أو القمع أو منع شيء ما بالقوة أو السلطة، وكذلك على الخنق أو الإسكات.

1. Suppression or Quelling C1 formal

   The act of forcefully preventing something from happening or continuing, often by using power or authority.

   • The stifling of dissent led to widespread protests.
   • The government's stifling of free speech was condemned internationally.
   • The stifling of innovation can harm a company's growth.

   ruПодавлениеesrepresiónfrrépressiondeUnterdrückungptRepressãozh压制arالكبت

   Synonymes: curbingextinguishingquellingrepressionsmotheringsuppression

   Antonymes: encouragementfacilitationfosteringpromotionsupport

A verb used to indicate the act of suppressing, restraining, or holding back something, such as a feeling, sound, or action.

ruГлагол, используемый для обозначения действия по подавлению, сдерживанию или удержанию чего-либо, такого как чувство, звук или действие.esVerbo que significa reprimir, contener o suprimir algo como un sentimiento, un sonido o una acción, o impedir que se desarrolle o exprese.frVerbe utilisé pour désigner l'action de réprimer, contenir ou retenir quelque chose, comme un sentiment, un son ou une action ; également, étouffer ou empêcher de se manifester.deDeutsches Verb, das bedeutet, etwas wie ein Gefühl, einen Laut oder eine Handlung zu unterdrücken, zurückzuhalten oder zu ersticken; auch im Sinne von jemanden am freien Handeln hindern oder etwas gewaltsam beenden.ptVerbo usado para indicar a ação de reprimir, conter ou abafar algo, como um sentimento, um som ou uma ação.zh动词，表示压制、抑制或遏制某种事物，如情感、声音或行为。arفعل يُستعمل للدلالة على كبت أو حبس شيء ما كشعور أو صوت أو فعل، أو خنقه وإسكاته.

1. Conceal or hide B2 formal

   To keep something secret or prevent it from being known.

   • She tried to stifle her true feelings about the decision.
   • The government attempted to stifle the scandal.
   • He could not stifle his laughter during the serious meeting.

   ruСкрыватьesOcultar o disimularfrDissimuler, cacherdeUnterdrückenptOcultarzh隐瞒arكتم

   Synonymes: cover uphush upmufflequashrepresssmothersquelchsuppress

   Antonymes: disclosedivulgeexposereveal

2. Smother or suppress B2 formal

   To prevent something from developing, continuing, or being expressed.

   • The new regulations could stifle innovation in the industry.
   • She stifled a yawn during the long lecture.
   • He tried to stifle his anger and remain calm.

   ruПодавлять или сдерживатьessofocar, reprimirfrRéprimer, étoufferdeUnterdrücken oder ErstickenptSuprimir ou conterzh压制或抑制arكبت أو قمع

   Synonymes: checkchokecurbdampendeadenextinguishinhibitmufflequashquellrepressrestrainsilencesmotherstranglesuppress

   Antonymes: encouragefacilitatefosterpromotesupport

3. Impair respiration B2 formal

   To make it difficult for someone to breathe; to obstruct the airway.

   • The thick smoke stifled the firefighters.
   • The tight collar was stifling him.
   • The heat and humidity stifled the runners.

   ruЗатруднять дыханиеesDificultar la respiraciónfrÉtouffer (entraver la respiration)deAtmung behindernptDificultar a respiraçãozh使窒息arإعاقة التنفس

   Synonymes: asphyxiatechokesmotherstranglesuffocate

4. Die from lack of oxygen C1 formal

   To be asphyxiated or suffocate due to lack of air.

   • The miners stifled in the collapsed tunnel.
   • Without proper ventilation, one can stifle in a sealed room.
   • The animal stifled under the heavy debris.

   ruЗадохнутьсяesAsfixiarsefrÉtouffer, suffoquer (par manque d'air)deErstickenptMorrer por falta de arzh窒息而死arالاختناق

   Synonymes: asphyxiatechokesuffocate

• stifled past participle
• stifled past simple
• stifling present participle
• stifles third person singular