plague

• Существительное, обозначающее серьезное инфекционное заболевание, часто эпидемическое и исторически разрушительное, или любое широко распространенное бедствие или несчастье.

A noun referring to a serious infectious disease, often epidemic and historically devastating, or any widespread affliction or calamity.

1. Infectious diseaseB2formalmedical

   A serious, often fatal infection caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, typically transmitted to humans via flea bites from infected rodents.

   Чума

   • The bubonic plague devastated Europe in the Middle Ages.
   • Modern antibiotics can effectively treat plague if diagnosed early.
   • Outbreaks of plague still occur in some remote regions.

   Синонимыblack deathpestpestilence

2. B2formalmedical

   Any widespread epidemic disease that causes a high number of deaths.

   Чума

   • The plague swept through the city, killing thousands.
   • Historians study how past plagues shaped human societies.
   • The village was quarantined to contain the plague.

   Синонимыcontagiondiseaseepidemicinfectionoutbreakpandemicpestilence

3. Swarm of pestsB2formalscientific

   A large, destructive swarm of insects that attacks and damages plants or crops.

   Нашествие вредителей

   • A plague of locusts destroyed the entire harvest.
   • The farmers struggled to protect their fields from the insect plague.
   • The region suffered a plague of grasshoppers that year.

   Синонимыhordeinfestationinvasionswarm

4. Large-scale calamityC1formal

   Any widespread disaster or calamity, often considered a divine punishment.

   Крупномасштабное бедствие

   • The ten plagues of Egypt are described in the Bible.
   • The drought was seen as a plague sent by the gods.
   • War and famine are plagues that have afflicted humanity for centuries.

   Синонимыafflictionblightcalamitycatastrophecursescourgetribulationvisitation

5. B1informal

   A persistent source of trouble, annoyance, or irritation.

   Напасть

   • My little brother is a plague when he won't stop asking questions.
   • The constant noise from the construction site is a real plague.
   • These spam emails are a plague on my inbox.

   Синонимыafflictionannoyancebothercurseirritationnuisancepesttormentvexation

   Антонимыblessingcomfortdelightjoypleasure

• Глагол, используемый для обозначения действия, вызывающего постоянные проблемы, страдания или раздражение у кого-либо или чего-либо.

A verb used to indicate the act of causing continual trouble, distress, or annoyance to someone or something.

1. Cause to suffer a blightB2formal

   To cause continuous suffering, damage, or trouble to something or someone.

   Поражать бедствием

   • The region was plagued by drought for several years.
   • Economic problems have plagued the country since the crisis.
   • The project was plagued by constant delays and budget issues.

   Синонимыafflictbedevilbesetdogharassharryhaunttormenttroublevex

   Антонимыaidbenefitcomforthelppleaserelievesoothe

2. Annoy continually or chronicallyB2informal

   To persistently bother, harass, or cause trouble to someone.

   Докучать

   • He was plagued by doubts about his decision.
   • The reporter plagued the politician with questions.
   • She was plagued by a persistent cough for weeks.

   Синонимыannoybedevilbotherharassharrypestertormenttroublevexworry

   Антонимыcomfortdelighthelpsoothe