perpendicular

• 指一条线或一个平面与另一条线或另一个平面成直角（90度）相交。也泛指垂直的、成直角的。

Describes a line or plane that is at a right angle (90 degrees) to another line or plane.

1. Intersecting at right anglesB2formal

   Describing two lines or surfaces that meet at a 90-degree angle.

   垂直的

   • The two walls are perpendicular to each other.
   • Draw a line perpendicular to the base of the triangle.
   • The street runs perpendicular to the main road.

   同义词normalorthogonalright-angled

   反义词obliqueparallel

2. Vertical or uprightB2formal

   Positioned at a right angle to the horizon; straight up and down.

   垂直的

   • The flagpole stands perpendicular to the ground.
   • A plumb line hangs perfectly perpendicular.
   • The cliff face is almost perpendicular.

   同义词erectplumbuprightupstandingvertical

   反义词flathorizontallevel

3. Extremely steepC1informal

   Describing a slope or incline that is nearly vertical.

   垂直的

   • The hikers struggled to climb the perpendicular rock face.
   • The road became so perpendicular that the car could barely ascend.
   • They gazed up at the perpendicular mountainside in awe.

   同义词abruptprecipitoussheersteepvertical

   反义词gentlegradual

• 与另一条直线或平面成直角的直线或平面；在建筑和几何中使用的垂直参考线。

A noun referring to a line or plane that is at a right angle to another line or plane, or a vertical reference line used in construction and geometry.

1. Right-angled lineB2formal

   A straight line that forms a 90-degree angle with another line or plane.

   垂线

   • Draw a perpendicular from the point to the base line.
   • The two walls meet at a perpendicular.
   • In geometry, a perpendicular is often used to find distances.

   同义词normal

2. Gothic architectural styleC1formalbritishart

   A style of English Gothic architecture from the 14th and 15th centuries, characterized by strong vertical lines, four-centered arches, and fan vaulting.

   垂直式哥特建筑

   • The cathedral is a fine example of the Perpendicular style.
   • Perpendicular architecture emphasizes verticality and light.
   • King's College Chapel in Cambridge is built in the Perpendicular style.

   同义词rectilinear

3. Plumb lineB2formaltechnical

   A cord with a metal weight attached, used to determine the exact vertical direction from a point.

   铅垂线

   • The builder used a perpendicular to ensure the wall was straight.
   • A perpendicular is essential for accurate alignment in construction.
   • The surveyor dropped a perpendicular from the cliff edge.

   同义词plumbplumb lineplummet

4. Steep faceB2informal

   An extremely steep or vertical surface, such as a cliff or rock face.

   垂直面

   • The climbers faced a daunting perpendicular of granite.
   • The trail ended at a sheer perpendicular of rock.
   • Water cascaded down the perpendicular of the cliff.

   同义词bluffcliffcragescarpmentprecipicescarp