perpendicular

• يصف خطًّا أو مستوًى يقع عند زاوية قائمة (90 درجة) مع خط أو مستوًى آخر. ويُستعمل أيضًا لما هو رأسي أو قائم.

Describes a line or plane that is at a right angle (90 degrees) to another line or plane.

1. Intersecting at right anglesB2formal

   Describing two lines or surfaces that meet at a 90-degree angle.

   عمودي

   • The two walls are perpendicular to each other.
   • Draw a line perpendicular to the base of the triangle.
   • The street runs perpendicular to the main road.

   المرادفاتnormalorthogonalright-angled

   الأضدادobliqueparallel

2. Vertical or uprightB2formal

   Positioned at a right angle to the horizon; straight up and down.

   عمودي

   • The flagpole stands perpendicular to the ground.
   • A plumb line hangs perfectly perpendicular.
   • The cliff face is almost perpendicular.

   المرادفاتerectplumbuprightupstandingvertical

   الأضدادflathorizontallevel

3. Extremely steepC1informal

   Describing a slope or incline that is nearly vertical.

   شديد الانحدار

   • The hikers struggled to climb the perpendicular rock face.
   • The road became so perpendicular that the car could barely ascend.
   • They gazed up at the perpendicular mountainside in awe.

   المرادفاتabruptprecipitoussheersteepvertical

   الأضدادgentlegradual

• اسم يدل على خط أو مستوى يقع في زاوية قائمة مع خط أو مستوى آخر، أو على خط عمودي يُستعمل في الهندسة والبناء. ويُطلق أيضاً على ما يشكل زاوية قائمة أو ما يوازي اتجاه الجذب العمودي.

A noun referring to a line or plane that is at a right angle to another line or plane, or a vertical reference line used in construction and geometry.

1. Right-angled lineB2formal

   A straight line that forms a 90-degree angle with another line or plane.

   الخط العمودي

   • Draw a perpendicular from the point to the base line.
   • The two walls meet at a perpendicular.
   • In geometry, a perpendicular is often used to find distances.

   المرادفاتnormal

2. Gothic architectural styleC1formalbritishart

   A style of English Gothic architecture from the 14th and 15th centuries, characterized by strong vertical lines, four-centered arches, and fan vaulting.

   الطراز العمودي

   • The cathedral is a fine example of the Perpendicular style.
   • Perpendicular architecture emphasizes verticality and light.
   • King's College Chapel in Cambridge is built in the Perpendicular style.

   المرادفاتrectilinear

3. Plumb lineB2formaltechnical

   A cord with a metal weight attached, used to determine the exact vertical direction from a point.

   شاقول

   • The builder used a perpendicular to ensure the wall was straight.
   • A perpendicular is essential for accurate alignment in construction.
   • The surveyor dropped a perpendicular from the cliff edge.

   المرادفاتplumbplumb lineplummet

4. Steep faceB2informal

   An extremely steep or vertical surface, such as a cliff or rock face.

   سطح عمودي شديد الانحدار

   • The climbers faced a daunting perpendicular of granite.
   • The trail ended at a sheer perpendicular of rock.
   • Water cascaded down the perpendicular of the cliff.

   المرادفاتbluffcliffcragescarpmentprecipicescarp