sanction

• 具有两个相反义项的名词：1）官方批准或授权；2）针对国家、组织或个人因违反规则或国际法而实施的惩罚或强制措施。

A noun with two contrasting meanings: 1) official approval or authorization for an action; 2) a penalty or coercive measure imposed against a country, organization, or individual for violating rules or international law.

1. Official approvalB2formal

   Authoritative permission or approval that makes a course of action valid.

   批准

   • The project received the government's sanction to proceed.
   • The committee gave its sanction for the new policy.
   • Without the board's sanction, the plan cannot be implemented.

   同义词accreditationapprovalauthorizationendorsementimprimaturlicencepermissionratificationwarrant

   反义词bandisapprovalprohibitionrefusalveto

2. Penalty or punishmentB2formalpolitical

   A threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule, often used in international relations.

   制裁

   • The UN imposed economic sanctions on the country.
   • The company faced sanctions for violating trade regulations.
   • Sanctions were lifted after the agreement was signed.

   同义词boycottdeterrentembargopenaltypunishmentrestriction

   反义词encouragementincentivereward

• 动词，指批准、认可或正式允许某事，也指对违反规则者实施惩罚或制裁。

A verb used to indicate the act of authorizing, approving, or officially permitting something, or imposing a penalty or punitive measure.

1. Authorize or approveB2formal

   To give official permission or approval for an action.

   批准

   • The government sanctioned the use of the new drug.
   • The committee sanctioned the project after reviewing the budget.
   • The school board sanctioned the new curriculum.

   同义词allowapproveauthorizeendorselicensepermitratifywarrant

   反义词bandisallowforbidprohibitveto

2. B2formal

   To impose a penalty or punishment for breaking a rule or law.

   实施制裁

   • The court sanctioned the company for violating safety regulations.
   • The UN sanctioned the country for its human rights abuses.
   • The athlete was sanctioned for using performance-enhancing drugs.

   同义词chastisedisciplinefinepunish