stiffness

• 名词，指坚硬、不易弯曲或变形的性质或状态，也指僵硬、不灵活、活动或改变困难。

A noun referring to the quality or state of being rigid, inflexible, or difficult to bend, move, or change.

不可数

1. Physical inflexibilityB2formal

   The physical property of being rigid and resistant to bending.

   刚度

   • The stiffness of the metal rod made it difficult to shape.
   • Engineers tested the stiffness of the bridge's support beams.
   • The cardboard lost its stiffness after getting wet.

   同义词firmnesshardnessinelasticityinflexibilityrigidityrigidnesstensenesstightness

   反义词flexibilitylimpnesspliabilitysuppleness

2. Painful movementB1formalmedical

   The condition of moving with pain or difficulty, often in muscles or joints.

   僵硬

   • He felt stiffness in his neck after sleeping awkwardly.
   • Morning stiffness is a common symptom of arthritis.
   • Stretching exercises can help reduce muscle stiffness.

   同义词achingsorenesstendernesstightness

   反义词flexibilitysuppleness

3. Firmness of purposeC1formal

   Firm resoluteness in purpose, opinion, or action.

   坚定

   • Her stiffness in negotiations surprised her opponents.
   • The general's stiffness of command left no room for doubt.
   • His moral stiffness made him unpopular among the flexible politicians.

   同义词determinationfirmnessinflexibilityobduracyresolutenesssteadfastnesstenacity

   反义词flexibilityindecisionirresolutionpliabilityweakness

4. Social awkwardnessC1informal

   The inelegance of someone who is stiff and unrelaxed, often due to embarrassment.

   拘谨

   • His stiffness at the party made everyone feel awkward.
   • She tried to hide her stiffness during the formal dinner.
   • The stiffness of his posture revealed his nervousness.

   同义词awkwardnessgaucherieself-consciousnessuncomfortablenessuneasewoodenness

   反义词confidenceeasegracenaturalnesspoise

5. Excessive sternnessC1formal

   Excessive harshness or severity in manner or attitude.

   过分严厉

   • The teacher's stiffness discouraged students from asking questions.
   • His stiffness in enforcing rules created a tense atmosphere.
   • The manager's stiffness was mistaken for lack of empathy.

   同义词austerityharshnessrigidityrigorseveritysternnessstrictness

   反义词flexibilitygentlenesskindnessleniencymildness