superstrate

• 指位于另一层之上的层或覆盖层；在语言学中指后来侵入或占支配地位的群体的语言，它对当地原有语言产生影响（即上层语言、上层影响）。

A noun referring to a layer or stratum that is placed over another, or in linguistics, the language of a later invading or dominant group that influences the language of the indigenous population.

1. Geological layerC2formal

   A stratum or layer that is deposited or lies above another layer.

   上覆层

   • The geologist identified a superstrate of sandstone over the limestone.
   • Sedimentary superstrates often contain fossils from later periods.
   • The superstrate was clearly visible in the cliff face.

   同义词overlayersuperstratum

   反义词substrate

2. Linguistic influenceC2formal

   A language of a later invading or dominant group that influences the language of the indigenous population, often contributing vocabulary or structural features.

   语言底层影响

   • French acted as a superstrate on English after the Norman Conquest.
   • The superstrate language left many loanwords in the local dialect.
   • Linguists study how a superstrate can reshape a substrate language over time.

   同义词superstratum