this

• 指示代词，指代距离说话者较近的人或事物，也可指刚提到过的人或事物。

A demonstrative determiner used to refer to a specific person or thing that is close to the speaker in space, time, or thought.

1. Proximity in space or timeA1formal

   Used to identify a specific person or thing that is near the speaker in physical distance or in immediate time (present or very recent past).

   空间或时间上的邻近

   • This book is very interesting.
   • I like this song.
   • This morning was beautiful.

2. Introduction or identificationA2informal

   Used to introduce a new topic, idea, or person to the listener, or to identify someone formally.

   介绍或识别

   • This is my friend, John.
   • So, this is the plan for tomorrow.
   • Hello, this is Mary speaking.

3. Reference to something just mentionedB1formal

   Used to refer back to an idea, statement, or situation that has just been mentioned or is currently being experienced.

   指代刚提到的事物

   • I don't agree with this.
   • This is exactly what I meant.
   • Why did you do this?