ultramontane

• 过时的形容词，意为位于山外的，尤指阿尔卑斯山以北；历史上指与阿尔卑斯山意大利一侧有关的人或事物，或指主张教皇绝对权力的教义。

An obsolete adjective meaning situated beyond the mountains, especially the Alps; historically used to refer to people or things from the Italian side of the Alps, or to a doctrine of absolute papal authority.

1. Relating to ultramontanismC2formal

   Of or relating to the doctrine that the Pope has supreme authority in matters of faith and discipline, especially in contrast to national or local church authority.

   越山派的

   • The ultramontane position was strongly defended by the council.
   • His ultramontane views put him at odds with the local clergy.
   • The debate between ultramontane and conciliarist ideas shaped church history.

   反义词episcopaliangallican

2. Beyond the Alps (from Italy)C2formal

   Situated or originating beyond the Alps, especially from the perspective of Italy, meaning north of the Alps.

   阿尔卑斯山北侧的（从意大利视角）

   • The ultramontane regions of Europe have a distinct cultural heritage.
   • Trade routes connected ultramontane territories with the Italian peninsula.
   • The ultramontane peoples were often viewed as different by the Romans.

   同义词transalpine

3. On the Italian or Roman side of the AlpsC2formal

   Located on the southern side of the Alps, specifically the Italian or Roman side.

   阿尔卑斯山南侧的

   • The ultramontane perspective from Rome shaped its foreign policy.
   • Many ultramontane cities flourished under Roman influence.
   • The ultramontane regions were central to the Roman Empire's expansion.

   反义词cismontane

• 名词，指支持教宗至上论（教皇在全教会信仰与纪律上拥有最高权威）的天主教徒；也可泛指极端拥护教皇权威的人。

A noun referring to a Roman Catholic who advocates ultramontanism, which is the doctrine of supreme papal authority in matters of faith and discipline.

1. Supporter of papal supremacyC2formal

   A Roman Catholic who advocates for the supreme authority of the Pope in matters of faith and discipline, especially in opposition to national or local church autonomy.

   教宗至上论者

   • The ultramontane argued that the Pope's decisions should be final in all church matters.
   • During the council, ultramontanes clashed with those who favored more local control.
   • He was a known ultramontane, always defending the central authority of the Vatican.

   同义词romanist

   反义词gallicannationalist