abstract

• ما يتعلق بالأفكار أو المعاني أو الصفات الذهنية لا بالأشياء المادية أو المحسوسة؛ وما هو نظري أو مفهوي لا تطبيقي مباشر.

Relating to ideas or qualities rather than physical objects or concrete things; theoretical or conceptual.

1. Theoretical or conceptualB2formal

   Relating to ideas or concepts rather than physical objects or concrete reality.

   مُجَرَّد

   • The philosopher discussed abstract concepts like justice and freedom.
   • Mathematics deals with abstract numbers and equations.
   • She prefers abstract thinking over practical applications.

   المرادفاتacademicconceptualhypotheticalidealintellectualnotionalspeculativetheoretical

   الأضدادactualconcretepracticalrealspecific

2. Art styleB1formal

   Relating to art that does not attempt to represent external reality but uses shapes, colors, and forms.

   تجريدي

   • The gallery featured an exhibition of abstract paintings.
   • He created an abstract sculpture from metal and glass.
   • Abstract art often leaves interpretation to the viewer.

   المرادفاتnonfigurativenonobjectivenonrepresentational

   الأضدادconcretefigurativerealisticrepresentational

3. Not concrete or specificB2formal

   Existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.

   مُجَرَّد

   • Love is an abstract emotion that is hard to define.
   • The concept of time is highly abstract.
   • We need to move from abstract ideas to a concrete plan.

   المرادفاتconceptualidealimmaterialintangibleintellectualmetaphysicalnotionaltheoreticaltranscendent

   الأضدادactualconcretematerialphysicalrealspecific

• اسم يدل على ملخص موجز أو خلاصة مركزة لأهم أفكار وثيقة أو مقال أو خطاب، أو على مفهوم مجرد موجود في الذهن لا كشيء مادي ملموس.

A noun referring to a summary or concise statement of the main points of a document, article, or speech, or a concept that exists in thought rather than as a concrete object.

1. Summary of a documentB2formal

   A brief summary of a book, article, or speech, highlighting the main points.

   ملخص

   • The abstract of the research paper was published in the journal.
   • She read the abstract to decide if the article was relevant.
   • The conference requires an abstract of no more than 250 words.

   المرادفاتdigestoutlineoverviewrecapsummarysynopsis

2. Abstract art pieceB2formalart

   A work of art that does not attempt to represent external reality, but uses shapes, colors, and forms to achieve its effect.

   عمل فني تجريدي

   • The gallery displayed a large abstract by a modern artist.
   • He prefers abstracts over realistic paintings.
   • Her latest abstract uses bold colors and geometric shapes.

   المرادفاتabstraction

• فعل يُستعمل للدلالة على استخلاص المضمون الجوهري من شيء ما أو تجريده وإزالته، أو النظر إلى الشيء نظرة نظرية أو مفهومية مجردة.

A verb used to indicate the act of extracting, removing, or summarizing the essential content from something, or considering something in a theoretical or conceptual way.

1. Extract or removeB2formal

   To take out or remove something from a larger whole.

   استخلاص

   • The researcher abstracted key data from the report.
   • They abstracted the essential information from the document.
   • The chemist abstracted the compound from the solution.

   المرادفاتdetachextractisolatepull outremoveseparatetake outwithdraw

   الأضدادaddincludeincorporateinsertintroduce

2. Consider theoreticallyC1formal

   To consider something in a theoretical or conceptual way, separate from concrete reality.

   التجريد

   • Philosophers often abstract ideas from everyday experiences.
   • The artist abstracted the essence of the landscape in her painting.
   • He abstracted the concept of justice from various legal systems.

   المرادفاتformulategeneralizeidealize

   الأضدادapplyconcretizeimplementinstantiaterealize