break down

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A phrasal verb used to indicate the act of separating something into smaller parts for analysis, or to stop functioning (as in a machine or vehicle).

ruФразовый глагол, используемый для обозначения действия разделения чего-либо на более мелкие части для анализа или прекращения работы (например, механизма или транспортного средства).esVerbo frasal que se usa para indicar la acción de separar algo en partes más pequeñas para su análisis o de dejar de funcionar (por ejemplo, un mecanismo o un vehículo).frVerbe à particule utilisé pour désigner l'action de séparer quelque chose en parties plus petites pour l'analyser, ou l'arrêt de fonctionnement d'un mécanisme ou d'un véhicule.dePhrasal verb, das bezeichnet, dass etwas in kleinere Teile zerlegt wird, um es zu analysieren, oder dass ein Mechanismus, Fahrzeug oder System aufhört zu funktionieren bzw. zusammenbricht.ptVerbo frasal usado para indicar a ação de dividir algo em partes menores para análise ou de parar de funcionar (por exemplo, uma máquina ou um veículo).zh短语动词，表示将某物分解成更小的部分以进行分析，或指机器、车辆等停止运转、发生故障。arفعل مركب يُستخدم للدلالة على تقسيم شيء ما إلى أجزاء أصغر لتحليله أو فهمه، أو على توقف عمل آلة أو وسيلة نقل عن العمل.

1. Stop functioning informal

   To stop working or operating properly, usually referring to machinery or vehicles.

   • My car broke down on the highway yesterday.
   • The elevator broke down, so we had to take the stairs.
   • The computer system broke down during the presentation.

   ruСломатьсяesaveriarsefrtomber en pannedeNicht mehr funktionierenptQuebrarzh出故障arتعطُّل

   المرادفات: conk outdiefailgive outmalfunction

   الأضداد: functionoperaterunwork

2. Analyze or separate formal

   To divide something into smaller parts in order to understand it better.

   • Let's break down the problem into manageable steps.
   • The teacher broke down the complex equation for the students.
   • We need to break down the budget by department.

   ruРазобратьesdescomponer, analizarfrdécomposerdeAnalysieren, ZerlegenptAnalisarzh分析arحلَّلَ

   المرادفات: analyzedecomposedeconstructdissectexamineparseresolveseparate

   الأضداد: assemblecombineunify

3. Lose emotional control informal

   To become very upset or lose control of one's emotions.

   • She broke down in tears after hearing the news.
   • He broke down under the pressure of the exam.
   • The witness broke down while describing the accident.

   ruСорватьсяesPerder el control emocionalfrcraquer émotionnellementdeDie Beherrschung verlierenptPerder o controle emocionalzh情绪崩溃arفقدان السيطرة على المشاعر

   المرادفات: collapsecome apartcrack updisintegratefall apartgo to pieceslose it

   الأضداد: calmcomposesoothesteady

4. Decompose or decay formal

   To cause something to decompose or rot over time.

   • Bacteria help break down organic matter in the soil.
   • The chemicals break down the waste into harmless substances.
   • Over time, the plastic will break down into microplastics.

   ruРазлагатьсяesdescomponersefrdécomposerdeZersetzenptDecompor-sezh分解arيتحلل

   المرادفات: decaydecomposedegradedisintegrateputrefyrotspoil

• broken down past participle
• broke down past simple
• breaking down present participle
• breaks down third person singular

الفعل الأساسي: break