civil

• صفة تتعلق بالمواطنين العاديين وشؤونهم المدنية، لا بالشؤون العسكرية أو الدينية؛ وتُستخدم أيضاً في السياق القانوني للدلالة على القانون غير الجنائي.

Relating to ordinary citizens and their concerns, as distinct from military or ecclesiastical matters; also used in legal contexts to describe non-criminal law.

1. Relating to citizensB2formal

   Concerning the ordinary people of a country, as opposed to military or religious matters.

   مدني

   • Civil rights are protected by law.
   • The country experienced a civil war.
   • He works in the civil service.

   المرادفاتciviccivilianmunicipalpublic

   الأضدادecclesiasticalmilitary

2. Polite and courteousB1formal

   Behaving in a polite, reasonable, and respectful way.

   مؤدب ولطيف

   • They had a civil conversation despite their differences.
   • Please try to be civil to your guests.
   • He gave a civil reply to the criticism.

   المرادفاتconsideratecourteousdecorousgraciousmannerlypoliterespectful

   الأضدادdiscourteousdisrespectfulimpoliterudeunciviluncouth

3. Relating to lawB2formal

   Concerning legal matters between individuals or organizations, not criminal.

   مدني

   • She filed a civil lawsuit against the company.
   • The case is being heard in a civil court.
   • Civil law deals with disputes between private parties.

   المرادفاتprivate

   الأضدادcriminal