commutation

A noun referring to the act of substituting one thing for another, such as the travel of a commuter, or the legal reduction of a punishment.

arاسم يشير إلى فعل استبدال شيء بآخر، كاستبدال تذكرة السفر أو تبديل وسيلة النقل للذهاب إلى العمل، أو تخفيف العقوبة قانونيًا.ruСуществительное, обозначающее акт замены одного другим, например, поездки пассажира на работу или юридическое смягчение наказания.esSustantivo que denota el acto de sustituir una cosa por otra, como el desplazamiento diario de un pasajero al trabajo o la reducción legal de una pena.frNom désignant l'action de remplacer une chose par une autre, par exemple le trajet quotidien d'un travailleur entre son domicile et son lieu de travail, ou la réduction juridique d'une peine.deSubstantiv, das den Akt des Austauschens oder Ersetzens bezeichnet, z. B. die regelmäßige Fahrt eines Pendlers zwischen Wohnung und Arbeitsplatz oder die Umwandlung bzw. Milderung einer Strafe.ptSubstantivo que designa o ato de substituir uma coisa por outra, como o deslocamento diário de um passageiro entre casa e trabalho ou a redução judicial de uma pena.zh名词，指用一种事物替换另一种的行为，例如通勤（上下班往返）或法律上的减刑。

1. Daily travel B2 formal

   The regular travel between one's home and place of work or study.

   • Her daily commutation takes over an hour each way.
   • The new train line has made commutation much easier for residents.
   • He spends a significant portion of his income on commutation costs.

   arالتنقل اليوميruЕжедневные поездкиesViaje diario al trabajo o lugar de estudiofrTrajet domicile-travaildeTägliches PendelnptDeslocamento diáriozh通勤

   المرادفات: commutecommuting

2. Legal reduction of punishment C1 formal legal

   A legal order that replaces a severe punishment with a less severe one.

   • The governor granted a commutation of the prisoner's death sentence to life imprisonment.
   • The judge approved a commutation of the sentence due to new evidence.
   • A commutation does not erase the conviction but reduces the penalty.

   arتخفيف العقوبةruСмягчение наказанияesConmutación de penafrCommutation de peinedeStrafumwandlungptComutação de penazh减刑

   المرادفات: clemencymitigationreductionremissionreprieve

3. Substitution or replacement C1 formal

   The act of exchanging one thing or person for another.

   • The commutation of the old currency for new notes took several weeks.
   • There was a commutation of roles within the team after the restructuring.
   • The commutation of the original plan to a simpler version was necessary.

   arالاستبدالruЗаменаesConmutación, sustituciónfrCommutation (substitution)deErsetzungptSubstituiçãozh替代

   المرادفات: exchangeinterchangereplacementsubstitutionswaptrade

• commutations plural form
• commutations' possessive plural form
• commutation's possessive singular form