irradiation

• اسم يدل على حالة التعرّض للإشعاع أو شعاع الضوء. في الفسيولوجيا هو انتشار النبضات العصبية الحسية في قشرة الدماغ. في البصريات هو ظهور الجسم الساطع أكبر مما هو عليه على خلفية داكنة. في الإشراط البافلوفي هو إحداث استجابة شرطية بمثير مشابه غير مطابق. في الطب هو علاج الأمراض ولا سيما السرطان بالتعرّض لمادة مشعة.

A noun referring to the condition of being exposed to radiation, or a column of light. In physiology, it denotes the spread of sensory neural impulses in the cortex. In optics, it describes the apparent enlargement of a bright object against a dark background. In Pavlovian conditioning, it is the elicitation of a conditioned response by a similar but not identical stimulus. In medicine, it refers to the treatment of disease, especially cancer, by exposure to a radioactive substance.

غير معدود

1. Exposure to radiationB2formalmedical

   The condition of being exposed to radiation, often in a medical or environmental context.

   التعرض للإشعاع

   • The patient underwent irradiation as part of cancer treatment.
   • Prolonged irradiation can damage healthy cells.
   • The lab monitors irradiation levels to ensure safety.

   المرادفاتexposureradiation

2. Beam of lightC1formalscientific

   A column of light emitted from a source, such as a beacon or lamp.

   شعاع ضوء

   • The lighthouse sent a powerful irradiation across the sea.
   • An irradiation of light broke through the dark clouds.
   • The beacon's irradiation guided the ships safely to shore.

3. Neural spreadC2formalscientific

   In physiology, the spread of sensory neural impulses across the cortex.

   الانتشار العصبي

   • Irradiation of neural signals occurs during sensory processing.
   • The study examined irradiation patterns in the brain's cortex.
   • Sensory irradiation helps integrate information from different stimuli.

   المرادفاتdiffusionpropagationspread

4. Optical illusionC2formalscientific

   The apparent enlargement of a bright object when viewed against a dark background.

   إشعاع بصري

   • Irradiation makes the moon appear larger when it is low on the horizon.
   • The bright star showed irradiation against the night sky.
   • Artists sometimes use irradiation to create visual effects.

5. C2formalscientific

   In Pavlovian conditioning, the elicitation of a conditioned response by a stimulus similar but not identical to the original stimulus.

   تعميم الاستجابة الشرطية

   • Irradiation in conditioning explains why similar sounds trigger the same response.
   • The dog's salivation showed irradiation to a bell tone close to the original.
   • Pavlov's experiments demonstrated irradiation of conditioned reflexes.

   المرادفاتgeneralizationstimulus generalization

6. Cancer treatmentB2formalmedical

   The medical treatment of disease, especially cancer, by exposure to a radioactive substance.

   العلاج الإشعاعي

   • Irradiation is a common therapy for localized tumors.
   • The patient received daily irradiation sessions for three weeks.
   • Doctors carefully plan irradiation to minimize side effects.

   المرادفاتradiation therapyradiotherapy