irradiation

• Существительное, обозначающее состояние воздействия радиации или столб света. В физиологии — распространение сенсорных нервных импульсов в коре головного мозга. В оптике — кажущееся увеличение яркого объекта на тёмном фоне. В павловском обусловливании — вызов условного рефлекса сходным, но не идентичным стимулом. В медицине — лечение заболеваний, особенно рака, путём воздействия радиоактивным веществом.

A noun referring to the condition of being exposed to radiation, or a column of light. In physiology, it denotes the spread of sensory neural impulses in the cortex. In optics, it describes the apparent enlargement of a bright object against a dark background. In Pavlovian conditioning, it is the elicitation of a conditioned response by a similar but not identical stimulus. In medicine, it refers to the treatment of disease, especially cancer, by exposure to a radioactive substance.

неисчисляемое

1. Exposure to radiationB2formalmedical

   The condition of being exposed to radiation, often in a medical or environmental context.

   Облучение

   • The patient underwent irradiation as part of cancer treatment.
   • Prolonged irradiation can damage healthy cells.
   • The lab monitors irradiation levels to ensure safety.

   Синонимыexposureradiation

2. Beam of lightC1formalscientific

   A column of light emitted from a source, such as a beacon or lamp.

   Луч света

   • The lighthouse sent a powerful irradiation across the sea.
   • An irradiation of light broke through the dark clouds.
   • The beacon's irradiation guided the ships safely to shore.

3. Neural spreadC2formalscientific

   In physiology, the spread of sensory neural impulses across the cortex.

   Иррадиация

   • Irradiation of neural signals occurs during sensory processing.
   • The study examined irradiation patterns in the brain's cortex.
   • Sensory irradiation helps integrate information from different stimuli.

   Синонимыdiffusionpropagationspread

4. Optical illusionC2formalscientific

   The apparent enlargement of a bright object when viewed against a dark background.

   Иррадиация

   • Irradiation makes the moon appear larger when it is low on the horizon.
   • The bright star showed irradiation against the night sky.
   • Artists sometimes use irradiation to create visual effects.

5. C2formalscientific

   In Pavlovian conditioning, the elicitation of a conditioned response by a stimulus similar but not identical to the original stimulus.

   Иррадиация условного рефлекса

   • Irradiation in conditioning explains why similar sounds trigger the same response.
   • The dog's salivation showed irradiation to a bell tone close to the original.
   • Pavlov's experiments demonstrated irradiation of conditioned reflexes.

   Синонимыgeneralizationstimulus generalization

6. Cancer treatmentB2formalmedical

   The medical treatment of disease, especially cancer, by exposure to a radioactive substance.

   Облучение

   • Irradiation is a common therapy for localized tumors.
   • The patient received daily irradiation sessions for three weeks.
   • Doctors carefully plan irradiation to minimize side effects.

   Синонимыradiation therapyradiotherapy