regressive

• يصف ميلًا إلى العودة إلى حالة أقل تقدمًا أو أقل تطورًا؛ يُستعمل في السياقات السياسية والاقتصادية والنفسية.

Describes a tendency to return to a less advanced or less developed state; often used in political, economic, or psychological contexts.

1. Taxation systemC1formal

   Describes a tax system where the tax rate decreases as the taxable income increases, placing a higher relative burden on lower-income earners.

   تنازلي (نظام ضريبي)

   • A regressive tax system often benefits the wealthy more than the poor.
   • Sales tax is considered regressive because it takes a larger percentage of income from low earners.
   • Economists debate whether flat taxes are inherently regressive.

   المرادفاتdegressive

   الأضدادprogressive

2. Return to a previous stateC1formal

   Tending to return to a former, less advanced, or less developed state; opposing progress or improvement.

   ارتجاعي

   • The new policy was criticized as regressive, rolling back years of social progress.
   • His regressive behavior during the argument surprised everyone.
   • The company's decision to cut training programs was seen as a regressive step.

   المرادفاتatavisticbackwardreactionaryretrograderevertingthrowback

   الأضدادforward-lookingprogressive