retrograde

• يصف حركة أو تغيرًا يسير في اتجاه معاكس للاتجاه المعتاد؛ ويُستعمل أيضًا للدلالة على التدهور أو العودة إلى حالة أسوأ أو الرجوع إلى الوراء.

Describes a movement or change that is backward or opposite to the usual direction; often used to imply a decline or return to a worse state.

1. Astronomical motionC1formalscientific

   Moving from east to west on the celestial sphere; for planets, orbiting the sun in a direction opposite to that of Earth.

   حركة تراجعية

   • Mercury appears to move in retrograde motion several times a year.
   • The astronomer explained the retrograde orbit of the newly discovered comet.
   • During retrograde, the planet seems to reverse its path across the sky.

   المرادفاتbackwardretrogressivereversedwestward

   الأضدادdirect

2. Amnesia typeC1formalmedical

   Affecting the period of time immediately preceding a traumatic event.

   فقدان الذاكرة الرجعي

   • The patient suffered from retrograde amnesia after the accident.
   • Retrograde memory loss made it difficult for him to recall the hours before the injury.
   • Doctors diagnosed her with retrograde amnesia following the surgery.

3. Decline or worseningC1formal

   Going from a better to a worse state; deteriorating.

   تراجع

   • The country's economy entered a retrograde phase after the crisis.
   • His health took a retrograde turn despite the treatment.
   • The project suffered a retrograde step due to budget cuts.

   المرادفاتbackwarddegenerateregressiveretrogressiveworsening

   الأضدادameliorativeimprovingprogressive

4. C1formal

   Moving or directed in a backward direction or contrary to a previous direction.

   اتجاه عكسي

   • The retrograde movement of the glacier was carefully measured.
   • Her retrograde attitude towards progress hindered the team's innovation.
   • The policy was seen as a retrograde step for civil rights.

   المرادفاتbackwardrearwardrecedingretrogressivereverse

   الأضدادforward

• فعل يُستخدم للدلالة على الحركة إلى الخلف أو العودة إلى حالة سابقة، أو تدهور الجودة أو التطور.

A verb used to indicate the act of moving backward, reverting to an earlier state, or declining in quality or development.

1. Move backward in orbitC1formalscientific

   To move in a backward direction along an orbital path, typically used for celestial bodies.

   الحركة التراجعية في المدار

   • The planet appears to retrograde for several weeks each year.
   • Astronomers observed the asteroid retrograde across the sky.
   • When a planet retrogrades, its motion seems to reverse from Earth.

   المرادفاتbacktrackrecedereverse

   الأضدادadvanceprogress

2. Move contrary to usual directionC1formal

   To move in a direction opposite to the normal or expected one.

   التحرك في الاتجاه المعاكس

   • The current retrograded against the ship's intended path.
   • The economic indicators retrograded unexpectedly this quarter.
   • The river's flow retrograded due to the unusual tidal forces.

   المرادفاتbacktrackrecederegressreverserevert

3. Move back or retreatC1formal

   To physically move backward or withdraw from a position.

   التراجع

   • The army was forced to retrograde after the heavy losses.
   • The glacier retrograded as temperatures rose.
   • The vehicle retrograded slowly down the steep slope.

   المرادفاتbackbacktrackfall backrecederetreatwithdraw

   الأضدادadvanceforwardproceedprogress

4. Go back overC2formal

   To review or revisit something from the past.

   العودة إلى الماضي

   • The historian retrograded through the archives to find the original document.
   • She retrograded her memories to find the source of the inspiration.
   • The committee retrograded the decision to ensure all facts were considered.

   المرادفاتre-examineretracereviewrevisit

5. Deteriorate or regressC1formal

   To decline or fall back to a previous, often worse, condition.

   التدهور أو التراجع

   • The patient's health retrograded despite the treatment.
   • The country's economy retrograded after the political crisis.
   • His skills retrograded due to lack of practice.

   المرادفاتbackslidedeclinedeterioratelapseregressrevertworsen

   الأضدادadvancedevelopflourishimproveprogress