retardation

• اسم يدل على فعل أو عملية الإبطاء أو التأخير أو الإعاقة للتقدم أو النمو، أو على حالة التأخر أو الكبح.

A noun referring to the act or process of slowing down, delaying, or hindering progress or development, or the state of being delayed or held back.

غير معدود

1. Slowing of progressC1formalscientific

   A reduction in the speed of change or development.

   تباطؤ التقدم

   • The economic retardation was caused by the sudden crisis.
   • Scientists observed a retardation in the chemical reaction rate.
   • The project suffered retardation due to lack of funding.

   المرادفاتdecelerationdelayhindrancehold upimpedimentobstructionsetbackslowdownslowing

   الأضدادaccelerationadvancementexpeditionprogressspeedup

2. Delay or hindranceC1formal

   The extent to which something is delayed or held back.

   تأخير أو إعاقة

   • The retardation of the train schedule caused widespread frustration.
   • There was a significant retardation in the delivery of supplies.
   • The retardation of the process was due to bureaucratic obstacles.

   المرادفاتdecelerationdelayhindranceimpedimentlagobstructionsetbackslowdownslowing

   الأضدادaccelerationadvancementexpeditionfurtherancepromotionspeedup

3. Agent that slowsC1formalscientific

   Any substance or factor that slows down or hinders a process.

   مُبَطِّئ

   • The chemical acts as a retardation agent in the reaction.
   • Certain drugs are used as growth retardations in plants.
   • The retardation of corrosion is achieved by applying a protective coating.

   المرادفاتbrakecheckcurbdeterrenthindranceimpedimentinhibitorobstacleobstructionretardant

   الأضدادcatalyststimulant

4. Intellectual development delayC1formalmedical

   A condition characterized by a lack of normal development of intellectual capacities.

   تخلف عقلي

   • The child was diagnosed with mental retardation at an early age.
   • Special education programs support individuals with intellectual retardation.
   • The term 'mental retardation' is now often replaced by 'intellectual disability'.

   المرادفاتlearning disability

5. Act of slowing downC1formal

   The action of slowing down or falling behind.

   إبطاء

   • The retardation of the vehicle was gradual as it approached the stop sign.
   • The athlete's retardation in the final lap cost him the race.
   • The retardation of economic growth is a concern for policymakers.

   المرادفاتdecelerationdelaylagslowdownslowing

   الأضدادaccelerationadvancementexpeditionhurryrushspeedup