retardation

• 名词，指使某事物变慢、延迟或阻碍其进展的行为或过程，也指处于被延迟或被抑制的状态。在医学或心理学语境中可指智力发育迟缓。

A noun referring to the act or process of slowing down, delaying, or hindering progress or development, or the state of being delayed or held back.

不可数

1. Slowing of progressC1formalscientific

   A reduction in the speed of change or development.

   进展迟缓

   • The economic retardation was caused by the sudden crisis.
   • Scientists observed a retardation in the chemical reaction rate.
   • The project suffered retardation due to lack of funding.

   同义词decelerationdelayhindrancehold upimpedimentobstructionsetbackslowdownslowing

   反义词accelerationadvancementexpeditionprogressspeedup

2. Delay or hindranceC1formal

   The extent to which something is delayed or held back.

   延迟或阻碍

   • The retardation of the train schedule caused widespread frustration.
   • There was a significant retardation in the delivery of supplies.
   • The retardation of the process was due to bureaucratic obstacles.

   同义词decelerationdelayhindranceimpedimentlagobstructionsetbackslowdownslowing

   反义词accelerationadvancementexpeditionfurtherancepromotionspeedup

3. Agent that slowsC1formalscientific

   Any substance or factor that slows down or hinders a process.

   阻滞剂

   • The chemical acts as a retardation agent in the reaction.
   • Certain drugs are used as growth retardations in plants.
   • The retardation of corrosion is achieved by applying a protective coating.

   同义词brakecheckcurbdeterrenthindranceimpedimentinhibitorobstacleobstructionretardant

   反义词catalyststimulant

4. Intellectual development delayC1formalmedical

   A condition characterized by a lack of normal development of intellectual capacities.

   智力发育迟缓

   • The child was diagnosed with mental retardation at an early age.
   • Special education programs support individuals with intellectual retardation.
   • The term 'mental retardation' is now often replaced by 'intellectual disability'.

   同义词learning disability

5. Act of slowing downC1formal

   The action of slowing down or falling behind.

   减缓

   • The retardation of the vehicle was gradual as it approached the stop sign.
   • The athlete's retardation in the final lap cost him the race.
   • The retardation of economic growth is a concern for policymakers.

   同义词decelerationdelaylagslowdownslowing

   反义词accelerationadvancementexpeditionhurryrushspeedup