summation

• اسم يدل على عملية الجمع أو نتيجتها، أو على خلاصة ختامية تُلخّص ما سبق، ويُستعمل بوجه خاص في السياق القانوني بمعنى المرافعة الختامية أو التلخيص النهائي.

A noun referring to the process or result of adding things together, or a concluding summary, especially in a legal context.

1. Concluding summaryB2formallegal

   A final summary or review of arguments, especially in a legal context before a court.

   المرافعة الختامية

   • The lawyer delivered a powerful summation to the jury.
   • Her summation of the case was clear and concise.
   • The judge listened carefully to the closing summation.

   المرادفاتrecapitulationsummary

2. Physiological responseC1formalscientific

   The process by which multiple stimuli combine to produce a response that a single stimulus alone cannot trigger, often in muscles or nerves.

   التجميع

   • Temporal summation occurs when a single neuron fires rapidly.
   • Spatial summation involves multiple presynaptic neurons firing simultaneously.
   • The muscle contraction was the result of summation of several nerve impulses.

   المرادفاتintegration

3. Final aggregateB2formal

   The total or final result obtained by adding together a collection of items or amounts.

   المجموع النهائي

   • The summation of all expenses came to over five thousand dollars.
   • The final summation of votes determined the winner.
   • We need to calculate the summation of all data points.

   المرادفاتaggregateamountfinal resultsumtallytotalwhole

4. Arithmetic operationA2formal

   The mathematical operation of adding two or more numbers together to find their total.

   الجمع

   • The summation of 5 and 3 equals 8.
   • Children learn basic summation in elementary school.
   • The calculator can perform summation quickly.

   المرادفاتaddition