turf

• اسم يدل على الطبقة العليا من التربة المغطاة بالعشب والجذور، ويُستعمل مجازًا للدلالة على منطقة نفوذ أو مجال يطالب به شخص أو جماعة.

A noun referring to the surface layer of ground with grass and roots, or metaphorically to a territory or area of influence claimed by a group or individual.

1. Grass-covered groundB1formal

   The upper layer of soil that is held together by the roots of grass, often used for lawns or sports fields.

   المسطح الأخضر

   • The gardener laid new turf in the backyard.
   • The football players ran across the lush green turf.
   • They replaced the old turf with artificial grass.

   المرادفاتgrassgreenswardlawnsodsward

2. Gang territoryB2informalamerican

   An area claimed by a youth gang as its own, often defended against rival groups.

   أرض العصابة

   • The gang members were protective of their turf.
   • Fights often broke out over disputes about turf.
   • He was warned not to walk through that gang's turf.

   المرادفاتareahoodmanorpatchterritoryzone

3. Area of influenceB2informal

   A sphere of activity, interest, or control that someone considers their own.

   منطقة نفوذ

   • The manager felt that the new employee was encroaching on his turf.
   • As a senior reporter, she guarded her turf fiercely.
   • The two companies are competing for the same market turf.

   المرادفاتarenabailiwickdomainfieldpatchprovincespherestamping groundterritory

• فعل يُستخدم للإشارة إلى طرد شخص ما أو شيء ما أو إزالته قسراً، غالباً من مكان أو منصب.

A verb used to indicate the act of throwing someone or something out or removing them forcefully, often from a place or position.

1. Cover with grassB2formal

   To cover an area of ground with a layer of grass and its roots, typically in the form of turf rolls.

   تغطية الأرض بالعشب

   • The gardener turfed the entire backyard in one afternoon.
   • They decided to turf the lawn instead of planting seeds.
   • The new park was turfed with a special drought-resistant grass.

   المرادفاتgrasssod

   الأضدادbareexposestripuncover

الصيغ المركّبةturf out