sophisticated

Describes something that is complex, refined, or advanced in design, technology, or culture.

ruОписывает что-то сложное, утончённое или передовое в дизайне, технологиях или культуре.esDescribe algo complejo, refinado o avanzado en diseño, tecnología o cultura, o a una persona con experiencia, gusto y conocimientos del mundo.frDécrit quelque chose de complexe, raffiné ou avancé dans le design, la technologie ou la culture.deBeschreibt etwas, das komplex, verfeinert oder fortschrittlich in Design, Technik oder Kultur ist; auch eine Person mit großem Wissen oder Erfahrung in einer bestimmten Sache.ptDescreve algo complexo, refinado ou avançado em design, tecnologia ou cultura; também se diz de uma pessoa com muito conhecimento ou experiência em determinado assunto.zh形容事物复杂、精致或先进，尤指在设计、技术或文化方面；也可形容人见多识广、老练精明。arيصف شيئًا معقدًا أو متطورًا أو راقيًا في التصميم أو التقنية أو الثقافة، كما يطلق على الشخص الواسع المعرفة أو ذي الذوق الرفيع.

1. Cultured or refined B2 formal

   Having refined tastes, manners, or knowledge of culture and fashion.

   • She is a sophisticated woman who enjoys opera and fine dining.
   • The hotel has a sophisticated atmosphere with elegant decor.
   • He has a sophisticated sense of style.

   ruУтончённыйesCultivado o refinadofrCultivé ou raffinédeKultiviert und raffiniertptSofisticadozh精致优雅的arمُتَحَضِّر ذو ذوق رفيع

   Synonyme: cosmopolitancultivatedcultureddiscerningelegantpolishedrefinedsuaveurbaneworldly

   Antonyme: naiveprovincialunculturedunrefinedunsophisticated

2. Complex or advanced B2 formal

   Highly developed, complex, or advanced in design, technology, or thinking.

   • The software uses sophisticated algorithms to analyze data.
   • This is a sophisticated piece of engineering.
   • The argument requires a sophisticated understanding of economics.

   ruСложный или продвинутыйessofisticado, complejo o avanzadofrsophistiqué (complexe/avancé)deKomplex oder hochentwickeltptComplexo ou avançadozh复杂或先进arمعقّد أو متقدّم

   Synonyme: advancedcomplexcomplicatedcutting-edgeelaboratehigh-techintricaterefinedstate-of-the-artsubtle

   Antonyme: basiccrudeelementaryprimitivesimpleunsophisticated

• more sophisticated comparative form
• most sophisticated superlative form

An archaic verb meaning to corrupt, adulterate, or make impure or less genuine, often by mixing with something inferior.

ruУстаревший глагол, означающий портить, фальсифицировать или делать нечистым или менее подлинным, часто путем смешивания с чем-то низшего качества.esVerbo anticuado que significa adulterar, falsificar o hacer algo impuro o menos auténtico, a menudo mezclándolo con algo de calidad inferior.frVerbe vieilli signifiant altérer, frelater ou rendre impur ou moins authentique, souvent en mélangeant avec quelque chose de qualité inférieure.deVeraltetes Verb, das bedeutet, etwas zu verfälschen, zu verderben oder unrein bzw. weniger authentisch zu machen, oft durch Beimischung von etwas Minderwertigem.ptVerbo antigo que significa adulterar, falsificar ou tornar impuro ou menos autêntico, frequentemente misturando com algo de qualidade inferior.zh过时动词，指掺假、伪造或使不纯、失真，常指掺入质量较差的东西。arفعل قديم يعني إفساد الشيء أو تزييفه أو جعله غير نقي أو أقل أصالة، غالبًا بخلطه بما هو أدنى جودة.

1. Make less natural or innocent C1 formal

   To cause someone or something to lose natural simplicity or innocence, often through worldly experience or artificial refinement.

   • The constant exposure to city life had sophisticated the young artist, making her work less naive.
   • He worried that the boarding school would sophisticate his son too quickly.
   • The process of marketing sophisticated the product's original, rustic appeal.

   ruЛишить естественности или наивностиesHacer perder la naturalidad o inocenciafrPriver de naturel ou d'innocencedeWeniger natürlich oder naiv machenptTornar menos natural ou ingênuozh使失去纯真arإفقاد الطبيعة أو البراءة

   Synonyme: coarsencorruptdebasedegradedepraveperverttaint

   Antonyme: simplify

2. Practice sophistry; mislead or deceive C2 formal

   To use clever but false arguments or to be deliberately vague in order to deceive or mislead someone.

   • The politician sophisticated his statements to avoid giving a direct answer.
   • They sophisticated the data to make the results appear more favorable.
   • Instead of clarifying the issue, he sophisticated the meaning of the terms.

   ruСофистикаesUsar sofismas; engañarfrsophistiquer (tromper par des arguments fallacieux)deSophistereiptSofismarzh诡辩arالمراوغة بالكلام

   Synonyme: beguiledeceivedeludeequivocatefoolhoodwinkmisleadmisrepresentprevaricatequibble

3. Alter and make impure, often to deceive C2 formal

   To adulterate or tamper with something, such as a substance or product, with the intention to deceive or cheat.

   • The wine was sophisticated with water and cheaper additives.
   • They sophisticated the gold by mixing it with other metals.
   • The laboratory discovered that the sample had been sophisticated to hide its true composition.

   ruФальсифицироватьesAdulterarfrFalsifier, adultérerdeVerfälschenptFalsificarzh掺假arغشّ وتزييف

   Synonyme: adulteratecontaminatecorruptdebasedilutedoctortaintwater down

   Antonyme: purifyrefine

4. Make more complex or refined C1 formal

   To make something more intricate, developed, or elegant in design, function, or character.

   • The engineers sophisticated the software to handle more complex calculations.
   • Over the years, the chef sophisticated his recipes with exotic ingredients.
   • The design was sophisticated to appeal to a more discerning clientele.

   ruУсложнить или усовершенствоватьesComplejizar o refinarfrRendre plus complexe ou raffinédeVerfeinern oder komplexer machenptComplexificar ou refinarzh使复杂或精炼arتعقيد أو تطوير

   Synonyme: complicatedevelopelaborateelevateenhanceimproveperfectpolishrefine

   Antonyme: coarsensimplify

• sophisticated past participle
• sophisticated past simple
• sophisticating present participle
• sophisticates third person singular