chalk

• Мягкая, белая, пористая осадочная порода или палочка из этого материала, используемая для письма или рисования на досках или тротуарах.

A soft, white, porous sedimentary rock, or a stick of this material used for writing or drawing on blackboards or sidewalks.

1. Writing materialA1formal

   A soft white or colored stick used for writing or drawing on blackboards or sidewalks.

   Мел

   • The teacher picked up a piece of chalk and wrote on the board.
   • Children drew colorful pictures with sidewalk chalk.
   • He broke the chalk while writing on the blackboard.

2. Rock typeB1formal

   A soft, white, porous sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate.

   Мел

   • The cliffs of Dover are made of white chalk.
   • Chalk is often used in agriculture to neutralize acidic soil.
   • Geologists studied the chalk deposits in the region.

• Глагол, означающий писать, рисовать или отмечать мелом, или приписывать что-либо причине (часто используется в фразовых глаголах, таких как 'chalk up').

A verb meaning to write, draw, or mark with chalk, or to attribute something to a cause (often used in phrasal verbs like 'chalk up').

1. Write or draw with chalkA2formal

   To write, draw, or mark something using a piece of chalk.

   Писать мелом

   • The teacher chalked the equation on the blackboard.
   • He chalked a hopscotch grid on the pavement.
   • She chalked the outline of the map on the wall.

   Antonymseraserub

2. Attribute or explainB2informal

   To attribute a result or situation to a particular cause (often used in the phrase 'chalk up to').

   Приписывать

   • They chalked the failure up to lack of preparation.
   • She chalked her success up to hard work and determination.
   • We can chalk this mistake up to inexperience.

   Synonymsascribeassignattributecreditimpute

3. Record or scoreB2informal

   To record or achieve something, especially a score or success (often used in the phrase 'chalk up').

   Записывать или достигать

   • The team chalked up another victory this season.
   • He chalked up several impressive sales figures.
   • She chalked up a personal best in the marathon.

   Synonymsachieveattainearngainnotchrecordregisterscoretally

   Antonymsforfeitlosemiss

Phrasal variantschalk outchalk up