gall

• Существительное, обозначающее дерзкое, наглое или грубое поведение; также относится к желчи, вырабатываемой печенью, или горькому веществу.

A noun referring to bold, impudent, or rude behavior; also refers to bile produced by the liver, or a bitter substance.

uncountable

1. Boldness or impudenceB2informal

   Rude and disrespectful behavior; nerve.

   Наглость

   • He had the gall to ask for a raise after arriving late every day.
   • She had the gall to criticize my work without knowing the details.
   • I can't believe he had the gall to lie to my face.

   Synonymsaudacitybrasscheekchutzpaheffronteryimpudenceinsolencenervepresumptiontemerity

   Antonymscourtesyhumilitymodestypolitenessrespecttimidity

2. Bitter liquidC1formalmedical

   A bitter fluid secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, aiding digestion.

   Желчь

   • The doctor examined the patient's gall for signs of infection.
   • Bile, also known as gall, helps break down fats in the small intestine.
   • An excess of gall can lead to digestive discomfort.

   Synonymsbilecholer

3. Plant growthC2formalscientific

   An abnormal growth on plants, often caused by insects or fungi.

   Галл

   • The oak tree had a large gall on its branch.
   • Galls are often used in traditional medicine.
   • The insect laid its eggs inside the plant, causing a gall to form.

• Глагол, используемый для выражения действия, вызывающего раздражение, досаду или обиду, или для описания процесса воспаления или натирания.

A verb used to express the act of causing irritation, annoyance, or resentment, or to describe the process of becoming sore or chafed.

1. To irritate or annoyC1formal

   To cause someone to feel annoyed, irritated, or resentful.

   Раздражать

   • His constant complaining galled his coworkers.
   • It galled her to see him take credit for her work.
   • The unfair decision galled the entire team.

   Synonymsangerannoychafeexasperatefretirritatenettlepiqueprovokeranklerilevex

   Antonymsappeasecheercomfortconsoledelightgratifypacifyplacatepleasesoothe