vitriol

indénombrable

A noun with two distinct meanings: it can refer to a highly corrosive acid (sulfuric acid) used in the chemical industry, or it can describe abusive, venomous, or bitterly critical language expressing deep-seated ill will.

ruСуществительное с двумя различными значениями: может обозначать высококоррозионную кислоту (серную кислоту), используемую в химической промышленности, или описывать оскорбительный, ядовитый или резко критический язык, выражающий глубокую неприязнь.esSustantivo con dos significados distintos: puede referirse a una sustancia altamente corrosiva, típicamente ácido sulfúrico, usada en procesos químicos; o a un lenguaje ofensivo, venenoso o fuertemente crítico que expresa profunda hostilidad.frNom ayant deux sens distincts : il peut désigner une acide hautement corrosif (l'acide sulfurique), utilisé dans l'industrie chimique, ou décrire un langage injurieux, venimeux ou très critique exprimant une profonde hostilité.deSubstantiv mit zwei Bedeutungen: Es kann eine stark ätzende Säure (Schwefelsäure) bezeichnen, die in der chemischen Industrie verwendet wird, oder eine verletzende, giftige bzw. scharf kritisierende Sprache beschreiben, die tiefe Abneigung ausdrückt.ptSubstantivo com dois sentidos principais: pode designar o ácido sulfúrico, uma substância altamente corrosiva usada na indústria química, ou descrever uma linguagem amarga, mordaz e cruel, que expressa hostilidade profunda.zh名词，有两个主要含义：一是指高腐蚀性的酸，即硫酸，用于化学工业；二是指尖刻、恶毒或严厉批评的言辞，表达强烈的敌意。arاسم يحمل معنيين رئيسيين: قد يدل على حمض الكبريتيك شديد التآكل المستخدم في الصناعة الكيميائية، أو يصف لغة قاسية لاذعة أو سامة تعبر عن كراهية عميقة.

1. Sulfuric acid C1 formal scientific

   A highly corrosive, strong mineral acid composed of sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen, widely used in industrial chemical processes.

   • The chemist carefully handled the vitriol in the lab.
   • Vitriol is essential in the production of fertilizers.
   • Spilled vitriol can cause severe burns and damage surfaces.

   ruСерная кислотаesácido sulfúricofrAcide sulfuriquedeSchwefelsäureptÁcido sulfúricozh硫酸arحمض الكبريتيك

   Synonymes: oil of vitriolsulfuric acidsulphuric acid

2. Bitter criticism C1 formal

   Cruel, bitter, or abusive language used to express strong disapproval or deep-seated ill will.

   • The politician's speech was full of vitriol against his opponents.
   • She responded to the criticism with surprising vitriol.
   • Online forums can be filled with unnecessary vitriol.

   ruЕдкая критикаesCrítica mordazfrvitriol (critique acerbe)deBittere KritikptCrítica mordazzh尖刻批评arالنقد اللاذع

   Synonymes: abuseacrimonybitternesshostilityinvectivemalicerancorspitevenomvituperation

   Antonymes: commendationcomplimentflatterypraise

• vitriols plural form
• vitriols' possessive plural form
• vitriol's possessive singular form

A verb meaning to criticize or attack someone with bitter, caustic, or abusive language.

ruГлагол, означающий критиковать или нападать на кого-либо с помощью язвительных, едких или оскорбительных выражений.esVerbo que significa criticar o atacar a alguien con comentarios mordaces, cáusticos u ofensivos.frVerbe signifiant critiquer ou attaquer quelqu'un avec des propos acerbes, caustiques ou insultants.deVerb, das bedeutet, jemanden mit scharfen, beißenden oder beleidigenden Äußerungen zu kritisieren oder anzugreifen.ptVerbo que significa criticar ou atacar alguém com comentários mordazes, cáusticos ou ofensivos.zh动词，指用尖酸刻薄、讽刺或侮辱性的言辞批评或攻击某人。arفعل يعني أن ينتقد شخصًا أو يهاجمه بعبارات لاذعة أو قارصة أو مسيئة.

1. To injure with vitriol C2 formal

   To expose to the effects of vitriol (sulfuric acid) or injure with this substance.

   • The attacker vitrioled the victim's face in a horrific assault.
   • In historical accounts, criminals were sometimes vitrioled as punishment.
   • The chemical spill vitrioled the surrounding vegetation.

   ruОбжечь кислотойeslesionar con vitriolofrVitriolerdeMit Säure verätzenptQueimar com ácidozh用硫酸烧伤arأحرق بالزاج

2. To subject to bitter verbal abuse C2 formal

   To attack or criticize someone with harsh, bitter, or caustic language.

   • The critic vitrioled the author's latest novel in a scathing review.
   • During the debate, the politician vitrioled his opponent with personal insults.
   • She vitrioled her former colleague in a series of angry emails.

   ruПодвергать едкой словесной атакеescriticar con acritudfrvitriolerdeMit scharfer Kritik überziehenptAtacar com linguagem cáusticazh恶语相向arالهجوم بالكلام اللاذع

   Synonymes: abuseberatecastigatelambasterevilescoldvilifyvituperate

   Antonymes: commendcomplimentextollaudpraise