vitriol

• 名词，有两个主要含义：一是指高腐蚀性的酸，即硫酸，用于化学工业；二是指尖刻、恶毒或严厉批评的言辞，表达强烈的敌意。

A noun with two distinct meanings: it can refer to a highly corrosive acid (sulfuric acid) used in the chemical industry, or it can describe abusive, venomous, or bitterly critical language expressing deep-seated ill will.

不可数

1. Sulfuric acidC1formalscientific

   A highly corrosive, strong mineral acid composed of sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen, widely used in industrial chemical processes.

   硫酸

   • The chemist carefully handled the vitriol in the lab.
   • Vitriol is essential in the production of fertilizers.
   • Spilled vitriol can cause severe burns and damage surfaces.

   同义词oil of vitriolsulfuric acidsulphuric acid

2. Bitter criticismC1formal

   Cruel, bitter, or abusive language used to express strong disapproval or deep-seated ill will.

   尖刻批评

   • The politician's speech was full of vitriol against his opponents.
   • She responded to the criticism with surprising vitriol.
   • Online forums can be filled with unnecessary vitriol.

   同义词abuseacrimonybitternesshostilityinvectivemalicerancorspitevenomvituperation

   反义词commendationcomplimentflatterypraise

• 动词，指用尖酸刻薄、讽刺或侮辱性的言辞批评或攻击某人。

A verb meaning to criticize or attack someone with bitter, caustic, or abusive language.

1. To injure with vitriolC2formal

   To expose to the effects of vitriol (sulfuric acid) or injure with this substance.

   用硫酸烧伤

   • The attacker vitrioled the victim's face in a horrific assault.
   • In historical accounts, criminals were sometimes vitrioled as punishment.
   • The chemical spill vitrioled the surrounding vegetation.

2. To subject to bitter verbal abuseC2formal

   To attack or criticize someone with harsh, bitter, or caustic language.

   恶语相向

   • The critic vitrioled the author's latest novel in a scathing review.
   • During the debate, the politician vitrioled his opponent with personal insults.
   • She vitrioled her former colleague in a series of angry emails.

   同义词abuseberatecastigatelambasterevilescoldvilifyvituperate

   反义词commendcomplimentextollaudpraise