willfully

• Adverbe signifiant 'intentionnellement' ou 'avec un entêtement délibéré'. Décrit une action accomplie de manière délibérée, souvent contre les attentes ou les exigences. En anglais américain, on écrit généralement 'willfully' (avec deux 'l'), et en anglais britannique, 'wilfully' (avec un seul 'l') est également admis.

An adverb meaning 'deliberately' or 'with intentional stubbornness.' It describes an action done on purpose, often in defiance of what is expected or required. In American English, it is commonly spelled 'willfully' (with double 'l'), while in British English, 'wilfully' (single 'l') is also accepted.

1. Deliberately or intentionallyB2formal

   In a way that is done on purpose, often with a negative connotation.

   délibérément, de propos délibéré

   • He willfully ignored the warning signs.
   • She willfully misled the investigators.
   • The driver willfully ran the red light.

   Synonymesconsciouslydeliberatelyintentionallyknowinglyon purposepurposelywittingly

   Antonymesaccidentallyinadvertentlyunconsciouslyunintentionallyunknowinglyunwittingly

2. Stubbornly or obstinatelyC1formal

   In a way that shows determination to do as one pleases, even if it is wrong.

   obstinément, avec entêtement

   • The child willfully refused to eat his vegetables.
   • He willfully continued the argument despite the evidence.
   • She willfully persisted in her erroneous belief.

   Synonymescontrarilymulishlyobduratelyobstinatelyperverselystubbornly