coarsened

• Описывает то, что стало грубым, вульгарным или менее утончённым по текстуре, качеству или характеру.

Describes something that has become rough, vulgar, or less refined in texture, quality, or character.

1. Made rough or less refinedC1formal

   Having become rough in texture or less refined in quality or character.

   Огрубевший

   • His hands were coarsened by years of manual labor.
   • The fabric had coarsened after repeated washing.
   • Her once gentle voice had coarsened with age and shouting.

   Синонимыcrudedebaseddegradedgrainygrittyharshroughroughenedunrefined

   Антонимыpolishedrefinedsmoothed

• Глагол, используемый для обозначения процесса придания или приобретения грубости, необработанности или меньшей утонченности в текстуре, качестве или характере.

A verb used to indicate the process of making or becoming rough, crude, or less refined in texture, quality, or character.

1. Make or become roughC1formal

   To cause something to become rougher in texture or quality, or to become rough itself.

   Делать грубым или становиться грубым

   • The harsh weather coarsened the skin on his hands.
   • Repeated washing can coarsen the fabric of a shirt.
   • Her voice coarsened from years of shouting.

   Синонимыabradechafegraterasproughenscrapescratch

   Антонимыpolishrefinesmoothsoften

2. Make less refinedC2formal

   To cause someone's manners, language, or behavior to become less polite, subtle, or sophisticated.

   Огрублять

   • Living in a rough environment can coarsen a person's manners.
   • The constant exposure to vulgar language coarsened his speech.
   • The film's violence seemed to coarsen the audience's sensibilities.

   Синонимыcheapendebasedegradedemean

   Антонимыcivilizecultivateelevateimprovepolishrefinesophisticate