coarsened

• يصف شيئًا صار خشنًا أو فظًا أو أقل رقيًّا في الملمس أو الجودة أو الطبع. ويشمل معنى فقدان النعومة أو اللطف أو الصفاء.

Describes something that has become rough, vulgar, or less refined in texture, quality, or character.

1. Made rough or less refinedC1formal

   Having become rough in texture or less refined in quality or character.

   خَشِن

   • His hands were coarsened by years of manual labor.
   • The fabric had coarsened after repeated washing.
   • Her once gentle voice had coarsened with age and shouting.

   المرادفاتcrudedebaseddegradedgrainygrittyharshroughroughenedunrefined

   الأضدادpolishedrefinedsmoothed

• فعل يُستخدم للدلالة على عملية جعل الشيء خشنًا أو فظًا أو أقل رقة ونعومة، أو على صيرورته كذلك في الملمس أو الجودة أو الطبع.

A verb used to indicate the process of making or becoming rough, crude, or less refined in texture, quality, or character.

1. Make or become roughC1formal

   To cause something to become rougher in texture or quality, or to become rough itself.

   جعل الشيء خشنًا أو أصبح خشنًا

   • The harsh weather coarsened the skin on his hands.
   • Repeated washing can coarsen the fabric of a shirt.
   • Her voice coarsened from years of shouting.

   المرادفاتabradechafegraterasproughenscrapescratch

   الأضدادpolishrefinesmoothsoften

2. Make less refinedC2formal

   To cause someone's manners, language, or behavior to become less polite, subtle, or sophisticated.

   جَعْلُ الشيءِ خَشِنًا

   • Living in a rough environment can coarsen a person's manners.
   • The constant exposure to vulgar language coarsened his speech.
   • The film's violence seemed to coarsen the audience's sensibilities.

   المرادفاتcheapendebasedegradedemean

   الأضدادcivilizecultivateelevateimprovepolishrefinesophisticate