hardened

• Описывает кого-то или что-то, что стало жёстким, сильным или менее чувствительным в результате опыта или воздействия.

Describes someone or something that has become tough, strong, or less sensitive through experience or exposure.

1. Made hard or solidB1formal

   Having become hard or firm, often through a process like drying, cooling, or chemical change.

   Затвердевший

   • The concrete hardened overnight.
   • The hardened clay was used to make pottery.
   • The glue had hardened into a solid mass.

   Синонимыbakedcrustedcureddriedfrozenrigidsetsolidifiedstiff

   Антонимыflexiblemalleablepliablesoftsoftened

2. Experienced and toughB2formal

   Having become tough, experienced, or less sensitive, especially through difficult experiences.

   Закалённый

   • He is a hardened veteran of many wars.
   • She became hardened to the criticism over time.
   • The hardened detective had seen it all before.

   Синонимыcase-hardenedexperiencedinuredseasonedtoughened

   Антонимыinnocentnaivesensitivesofttenderweak

3. Unrepentant or confirmedB2formal

   Firmly established in a particular, often negative, habit or state.

   Заядлый

   • He is a hardened criminal with a long record.
   • She is a hardened cynic who trusts no one.
   • The hardened smoker found it impossible to quit.

   Синонимыchronicconfirmedhabitualimpenitentincorrigibleinveterateunrepentant

   Антонимыcontritepenitentrepentantsofthearted

• Глагол, используемый для обозначения процесса становления или придания чему-либо твёрдости, прочности или устойчивости, а также для обозначения уменьшения сочувствия или усиления строгости.

A verb used to indicate the process of becoming or making something hard, solid, or resistant, or of becoming less sympathetic or more severe.

1. Become solid or firmB1formal

   To become physically hard or solid, or to make something become hard.

   Затвердеть

   • The cement will harden within a few hours.
   • Allow the glue to harden before moving the pieces.
   • The lava hardened into rock as it cooled.

   Синонимыcakeclotcongealfreezesetsolidifystiffenthicken

   Антонимыdissolveliquefymeltsoften

2. Become tough or unfeelingB2formal

   To become more severe, strict, or less sympathetic.

   Ожесточиться

   • Years of disappointment hardened his heart.
   • The government hardened its stance on immigration.
   • She hardened herself against the criticism.

   Синонимыcallousdesensitizeindurateinuretoughen

   Антонимыmellowrelentsoften

3. Strengthen or reinforceB2formal

   To make something stronger or more resistant.

   Укрепить

   • The company hardened its security protocols after the breach.
   • Regular exercise hardens the muscles.
   • They hardened the steel to make it more durable.

   Синонимыannealfortifyreinforcesolidifysteelstiffenstrengthentempertoughen

   Антонимыdebilitatesoftenundermineweaken