involuntary

Describes an action or reaction that is done without conscious control or intention.

ruОписывает действие или реакцию, которое происходит без сознательного контроля или намерения.esDescribe una acción, reacción o movimiento que ocurre sin control consciente o intención por parte de la persona, o que se hace en contra de la propia voluntad.frDécrit une action ou une réaction qui se produit sans contrôle conscient ou intentionnel.deBeschreibt eine Handlung oder Reaktion, die ohne bewusste Kontrolle oder Absicht erfolgt, oft automatisch oder reflexartig.ptDescreve uma ação ou reação que ocorre sem controle consciente ou intenção deliberada. Pode se referir tanto a movimentos corporais automáticos quanto a atitudes tomadas sem querer ou por impulso.zh指行为或反应不是出于有意识的控制或意图而发生的。arيصف فعلًا أو رد فعل يحدث دون سيطرة واعية أو إرادة أو قصد، كالحركات اللاإرادية في الجسم أو الاستجابات التلقائية.

1. Not done by choice B2 formal

   Done or happening without someone's conscious decision or will; not voluntary.

   • He gave an involuntary gasp of surprise.
   • Her involuntary reaction was to flinch.
   • The confession was deemed involuntary by the court.

   ruНепроизвольныйesinvoluntariofrnon volontaire, fait sans intentiondeUnwillkürlichptInvoluntáriozh非自愿的arغير إرادي

   Синонимы: automaticcompulsoryforcedinstinctivereflexspontaneousunconsciousunintendedunintentionalunwitting

   Антонимы: chosenconsciousdeliberatefreeintentionaloptionalvoluntary

2. Automatic bodily function B2 formal medical

   Relating to bodily processes that occur without conscious control, such as heartbeat or digestion.

   • Breathing is partly voluntary and partly involuntary.
   • The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary muscles.
   • Involuntary reflexes protect the body from harm.

   ruНепроизвольныйesInvoluntario (función corporal)frInvolontaire (fonction corporelle)deUnwillkürlichptInvoluntáriozh非自主的arلا إرادي

   Синонимы: automaticinstinctivereflexspontaneousunconscious

• more involuntary comparative form
• most involuntary superlative form