involuntary

• Descreve uma ação ou reação que ocorre sem controle consciente ou intenção deliberada. Pode se referir tanto a movimentos corporais automáticos quanto a atitudes tomadas sem querer ou por impulso.

Describes an action or reaction that is done without conscious control or intention.

1. Not done by choiceB2formal

   Done or happening without someone's conscious decision or will; not voluntary.

   Involuntário

   • He gave an involuntary gasp of surprise.
   • Her involuntary reaction was to flinch.
   • The confession was deemed involuntary by the court.

   Sinônimosautomaticcompulsoryforcedinstinctivereflexspontaneousunconsciousunintendedunintentionalunwitting

   Antônimoschosenconsciousdeliberatefreeintentionaloptionalvoluntary

2. Automatic bodily functionB2formalmedical

   Relating to bodily processes that occur without conscious control, such as heartbeat or digestion.

   Involuntário

   • Breathing is partly voluntary and partly involuntary.
   • The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary muscles.
   • Involuntary reflexes protect the body from harm.

   Sinônimosautomaticinstinctivereflexspontaneousunconscious