bitterness

• 名词，指苦味，即一种尖锐、不愉快的味道；也指因遭受不公或伤害而产生的怨恨、愤怒或痛苦的情绪。

A noun describing a state or quality of having a sharp, unpleasant taste or a feeling of deep anger and resentment.

不可数

1. Resentment or angerB2formal

   A deep and persistent feeling of anger and resentment, often due to a past injustice or disappointment.

   怨恨

   • Years of bitterness over the unfair treatment finally boiled over.
   • She spoke with bitterness about her former employer.
   • The divorce left a trail of bitterness between the families.

   同义词acrimonyanimosityembittermentgallgrudgehostilityrancorresentmentsournessspite

   反义词acceptancecontentmentforgivenessgoodwillsweetness

2. Harsh or acerbic mannerC1formal

   A rough, sharp, or unfriendly way of speaking or behaving.

   尖刻

   • His bitterness of tone made the conversation uncomfortable.
   • There was a bitterness in her reply that surprised everyone.
   • The critic's review was full of bitterness and sarcasm.

   同义词acerbityacrimonyasperityharshnessrancorsharpnessspleenvirulence

   反义词amiabilitycordialitygentlenesskindnessmildnesssweetness

3. Sharp taste sensationB1formalculinary

   The sharp, often unpleasant taste experienced when consuming substances like quinine, coffee, or dark chocolate.

   苦味

   • The bitterness of the black coffee woke him up instantly.
   • She added sugar to reduce the bitterness of the tonic water.
   • The bitterness of the dark chocolate was too intense for her.

   同义词acridityacridnessharshnesspungencysharpness

   反义词saccharinitysweetness

4. Unpleasant flavor qualityB1formalculinary

   The inherent property of a substance that produces a harsh, acrid taste on the tongue.

   苦味

   • The bitterness of the medicine made it hard to swallow.
   • Some vegetables, like kale, have a natural bitterness.
   • The bitterness of the grapefruit was balanced by the sweetness of the honey.

   同义词acerbityacridityacridnessharshnesspungencysharpnesstartness

   反义词sweetness