written

• يصف ما هو مُدوَّن أو مُثبَت بالكتابة، في مقابل ما هو منطوق أو شفهي.

Describes something that is expressed in writing, as opposed to spoken.

1. Set down in writingA2formal

   Expressed or recorded in written form, using letters, words, or symbols.

   مكتوب

   • The written instructions were clear and easy to follow.
   • She left a written note on the kitchen table.
   • All agreements must be in written form to be valid.

   المرادفاتdocumentedin writingon paperrecordedtranscribed

   الأضدادoralspokenverbal

2. Systematically collectedB1formal

   Gathered and recorded in an organized manner, often for reference or study.

   مُوثَّق

   • The ancient laws were written in a single codex.
   • His written observations filled several notebooks.
   • The data was written into a comprehensive database.

   المرادفاتdocumentedrecordedregisteredtranscribed

3. Composed for performanceB1formal

   Created as a script or text for a film, play, or broadcast.

   مكتوب للأداء

   • The written screenplay won several awards.
   • The play was written specifically for the festival.
   • The broadcast was written to inform the public about the event.

   المرادفاتscripted

• فعل يدل على تشكيل الحروف أو الكلمات على سطح بواسطة القلم أو ما يشبهه، ويشمل أيضاً تدوين المعلومات أو تأليف النصوص.

A verb used to indicate the act of forming letters or words on a surface with a pen, pencil, or similar tool.

فعل شاذ

1. Produce written textA1formal

   To form letters, words, or symbols on a surface with a pen, pencil, or keyboard.

   يكتب

   • She writes a letter to her friend every week.
   • Please write your name at the top of the page.
   • He writes emails to his colleagues daily.

   المرادفاتauthorcomposedraftinscribejotpenrecordscrawlscribbletranscribetype

   الأضدادdeleteeraseread

2. Compose or authorA2formal

   To create or compose a book, story, article, or other written work.

   يكتب

   • She writes novels for a living.
   • He writes articles for the newspaper.
   • The poet writes beautiful verses about nature.

   المرادفاتauthorcomposecreatedraftinscribepenproducerecordset down

3. Record or note downA1formal

   To record information in writing.

   تدوين

   • Write down the phone number before you forget.
   • The teacher asked us to write the answers in our notebooks.
   • Please write your address on this form.

   المرادفاتinscribejot downrecordset downtake downtranscribe

الصيغ المركّبةwrite downwrite inwrite ofwrite offwrite onwrite outwrite up