backward

Describes a direction opposite to forward; also used to describe someone or something that is less developed or slow to progress.

ruОписывает направление, противоположное движению вперёд; также используется для описания кого-то или чего-то, что менее развито или медленно прогрессирует.esDescribe una dirección opuesta al movimiento hacia adelante; también se usa para referirse a alguien o algo menos desarrollado o que progresa lentamente.frDécrit une direction opposée à l'avancement vers l'avant ; également utilisé pour qualifier quelqu'un ou quelque chose de moins développé ou qui progresse lentement.deBeschreibt eine Richtung entgegen der Vorwärtsbewegung; auch verwendet für jemanden oder etwas, das weniger entwickelt ist oder langsam vorankommt.ptRefere-se à direção oposta ao movimento para a frente; também descreve alguém ou algo menos desenvolvido, atrasado ou que progride lentamente.zh指方向与前进相反，向后；也用来形容人或事物发展落后、不够先进或进步缓慢。arيشير إلى الاتجاه المعاكس للتقدم أو الحركة إلى الأمام، ويُستعمل أيضاً لوصف شخص أو شيء متخلف عن غيره في النمو أو التطور أو التقدم.

1. Directed behind B1 formal

   Directed or facing toward the back or rear.

   • He took a backward step to avoid the obstacle.
   • The car moved in a backward direction.
   • She gave a backward glance as she left the room.

   ruНаправленный назадesdirigido hacia atrásfrDirigé vers l'arrièredeNach hinten gerichtetptVoltado para trászh向后的arموجَّه إلى الخلف

   Synonyme: rearwardretrogradereverse

   Antonyme: forwardfrontward

2. Less developed B2 formal

   Having made less progress than is usual or expected; underdeveloped.

   • The region was considered backward in terms of technology.
   • They criticized the country's backward economic policies.
   • The school system was seen as backward compared to others.

   ruОтсталыйesatrasadofrarriérédeRückständigptAtrasadozh落后的arمتخلف

   Synonyme: behinddepriveddisadvantagedlaggingprimitiveunderdevelopedundevelopedunsophisticated

   Antonyme: advanceddevelopedprogressive

3. Shy or hesitant B2 informal

   Reluctant to act or express oneself; reserved.

   • He was backward about sharing his opinion.
   • She felt backward in the presence of strangers.
   • Don't be so backward; just ask for what you want.

   ruЗастенчивыйestímido, reservadofrTimide, réservédeZurückhaltendptTímido ou hesitantezh羞怯的arخجول

   Synonyme: bashfuldiffidentreservedreticentshytimid

   Antonyme: assertiveboldconfidentforwardoutgoing

• more backward comparative form
• most backward superlative form

An adverb meaning 'toward the rear' or 'in a reverse direction.' It can also describe a manner of moving or looking behind. In American English, 'backward' is often used interchangeably with 'backwards,' though 'backward' is more common as an adjective.

ruНаречие, означающее 'назад' или 'в обратном направлении'. Также может описывать способ движения или взгляда назад. В американском английском 'backward' часто используется взаимозаменяемо с 'backwards', хотя 'backward' более распространено как прилагательное.esAdverbio que significa 'hacia atrás' o 'en dirección opuesta a la de avance'. También puede describir un movimiento o una mirada dirigidos hacia atrás, o un proceso que se desarrolla en sentido inverso.frAdverbe signifiant « vers l'arrière » ou « dans la direction opposée ». Peut aussi décrire un mouvement ou un regard en arrière. En anglais américain, « backward » est souvent interchangeable avec « backwards », bien que « backward » soit plus courant comme adjectif.deAdverb, das 'nach hinten' oder 'in die entgegengesetzte Richtung' bedeutet. Es kann auch die Art einer Bewegung oder eines Blicks nach hinten beschreiben; im amerikanischen Englisch wird 'backward' oft synonym mit 'backwards' verwendet, wobei 'backward' häufiger als Adjektiv gebraucht wird.ptAdvérbio que significa 'para trás' ou 'em direção contrária'. Também pode descrever o modo de movimento ou de um olhar para trás. No inglês americano, 'backward' é frequentemente usado de forma intercambiável com 'backwards', embora 'backward' seja mais comum como adjetivo.zh副词，表示向后、往回或朝相反的方向。也可表示以倒退的方式移动，或向后看。arظرف يعني 'إلى الخلف' أو 'في الاتجاه المعاكس'. ويُستخدم أيضًا لوصف طريقة الحركة أو النظر إلى الوراء.

1. Direction opposite to forward A2 formal

   Toward the back or rear; in a direction opposite to the one you are facing.

   • He took a step backward to avoid the puddle.
   • The car rolled backward down the hill.
   • She glanced backward to see if anyone was following.

   ruНазадesHacia atrásfrEn arrière (direction opposée à l'avant)deRückwärtsptPara trászh向后arإلى الخلف

   Synonyme: backbackwardsrearwardrearwards

   Antonyme: forward

2. In reverse order B1 formal

   From the end to the beginning; in a sequence opposite to the usual.

   • Can you count backward from ten?
   • He read the list backward by mistake.
   • The movie was played backward for a special effect.

   ruВ обратном порядкеesEn orden inversofren sens inversedeIn umgekehrter ReihenfolgeptEm ordem inversazh倒序地arبِالترتيب العكسي

   Synonyme: backwardsconverselyinverselyreversethe other way around

   Antonyme: forward

3. Toward a worse state B2 formal

   Toward a less developed or less advanced condition.

   • The country is moving backward in terms of human rights.
   • His health has gone backward since the treatment stopped.
   • The project took a step backward after the budget cuts.

   ruНазадeshacia un estado peorfrVers un état piredeRückschrittptPara trászh后退arإلى الوراء

   Synonyme: backwardsdownhill

   Antonyme: aheadforward

• more backward comparative form
• most backward superlative form