backward

• 指方向与前进相反，向后；也用来形容人或事物发展落后、不够先进或进步缓慢。

Describes a direction opposite to forward; also used to describe someone or something that is less developed or slow to progress.

1. Directed behindB1formal

   Directed or facing toward the back or rear.

   向后的

   • He took a backward step to avoid the obstacle.
   • The car moved in a backward direction.
   • She gave a backward glance as she left the room.

   同义词rearwardretrogradereverse

   反义词forwardfrontward

2. Less developedB2formal

   Having made less progress than is usual or expected; underdeveloped.

   落后的

   • The region was considered backward in terms of technology.
   • They criticized the country's backward economic policies.
   • The school system was seen as backward compared to others.

   同义词behinddepriveddisadvantagedlaggingprimitiveunderdevelopedundevelopedunsophisticated

   反义词advanceddevelopedprogressive

3. Shy or hesitantB2informal

   Reluctant to act or express oneself; reserved.

   羞怯的

   • He was backward about sharing his opinion.
   • She felt backward in the presence of strangers.
   • Don't be so backward; just ask for what you want.

   同义词bashfuldiffidentreservedreticentshytimid

   反义词assertiveboldconfidentforwardoutgoing

• 副词，表示向后、往回或朝相反的方向。也可表示以倒退的方式移动，或向后看。

An adverb meaning 'toward the rear' or 'in a reverse direction.' It can also describe a manner of moving or looking behind. In American English, 'backward' is often used interchangeably with 'backwards,' though 'backward' is more common as an adjective.

1. Direction opposite to forwardA2formal

   Toward the back or rear; in a direction opposite to the one you are facing.

   向后

   • He took a step backward to avoid the puddle.
   • The car rolled backward down the hill.
   • She glanced backward to see if anyone was following.

   同义词backbackwardsrearwardrearwards

   反义词forward

2. In reverse orderB1formal

   From the end to the beginning; in a sequence opposite to the usual.

   倒序地

   • Can you count backward from ten?
   • He read the list backward by mistake.
   • The movie was played backward for a special effect.

   同义词backwardsconverselyinverselyreversethe other way around

   反义词forward

3. Toward a worse stateB2formal

   Toward a less developed or less advanced condition.

   后退

   • The country is moving backward in terms of human rights.
   • His health has gone backward since the treatment stopped.
   • The project took a step backward after the budget cuts.

   同义词backwardsdownhill

   反义词aheadforward