facultative

• Прилагательное, означающее необязательный или не являющийся обязательным; также используется в биологии для описания организма, способного адаптироваться к различным условиям.

An adjective meaning optional or not compulsory; also used in biology to describe an organism capable of adapting to different conditions.

1. Relating to mental facultiesC2formal

   Pertaining to the inherent powers of the mind, such as reason, memory, or will.

   Относящийся к умственным способностям

   • The philosopher examined the facultative operations of the human intellect.
   • Meditation can enhance certain facultative abilities like focus and recollection.
   • Brain injury sometimes impairs facultative functions such as decision‑making.

2. Capable of adapting to different conditionsC1formalscientific

   Able to exist, grow, or function under more than one set of environmental or physiological circumstances.

   Факультативный

   • This bacterium is facultative, thriving both with and without oxygen.
   • Many plants display facultative responses to changes in light intensity.
   • The organism’s facultative nature helps it survive in fluctuating habitats.

   Synonymsadaptableflexibleversatile

   Antonymsobligate

3. Conferring permission or optionC2formallegal

   Granting a privilege, authority, or liberty to choose to do or not to do something.

   Факультативный

   • The treaty included a facultative clause allowing member states to opt out of certain obligations.
   • A facultative mandate gives the representative discretion to act as they see fit.
   • Under facultative provisions, the company may but is not required to renew the contract.

   Synonymsdiscretionaryelectiveoptionalpermissivevoluntary

   Antonymscompulsorymandatoryobligatoryrequired

4. Not compulsoryB2formal

   Optional; left to individual choice rather than being required or mandatory.

   Необязательный

   • Attendance at the seminar is facultative for all students.
   • The course includes facultative modules that students can select based on interest.
   • Payment of the membership fee is entirely facultative.

   Synonymsdiscretionaryelectivenonmandatorynonobligatoryoptionalvoluntary

   Antonymsbindingcompulsorymandatoryobligatoryrequired