roughness

• Существительное, обозначающее качество или состояние шероховатости, включающее неровную текстуру, резкость для органов чувств, отсутствие изысканности, штормовые морские условия, грубое поведение, выбоины на поверхности из-за коррозии или резкую речь или поведение.

A noun referring to the quality or state of being rough, encompassing uneven texture, harshness to the senses, lack of refinement, stormy sea conditions, rowdy behavior, surface pitting due to corrosion, or severe speech or behavior.

uncountable

1. Uneven surface textureB1formal

   The quality of a surface or edge being irregular and not smooth.

   Шероховатость

   • The roughness of the sandpaper helped smooth the wood.
   • He could feel the roughness of the stone wall.
   • The roughness of the road made the drive uncomfortable.

   Synonymsasperitybumpinesscoarsenessirregularityjaggednessruggednessunevenness

   Antonymsevennessflatnesssmoothness

2. Harsh sensory qualityB2formal

   The quality of being unpleasant to the senses, such as a harsh sound or coarse texture.

   Грубость

   • The roughness of his voice indicated he had a cold.
   • She disliked the roughness of the cheap fabric.
   • The roughness of the wind made it hard to hear.

   Synonymscoarsenessharshnessruggednessscratchinessunevenness

   Antonymssmoothnesssoftness

3. Lack of refinementB2formal

   An unpolished or unrefined quality in character or manner.

   Грубость

   • His roughness of manner was off-putting at first.
   • The roughness of the early draft was improved by editing.
   • She had a certain roughness that came from growing up on a farm.

   Synonymsboorishnesscoarsenesscrudenessinelegancerudenessuncouthnessvulgarity

   Antonymselegancegracepolishrefinementsophistication

4. Stormy sea conditionB2formal

   The state of the sea being rough or turbulent due to bad weather.

   Штормовое состояние моря

   • The roughness of the sea made sailing dangerous.
   • Fishermen stayed in port due to the roughness of the ocean.
   • The roughness of the waves caused many passengers to feel seasick.

   Synonymsagitationchoppinessstorminessturbulenceviolence

   Antonymscalmsmoothnessstillness

5. Rowdy behaviorB2informal

   Boisterous, disorderly, or aggressive conduct.

   Грубость

   • The roughness of the crowd led to several arrests.
   • His roughness on the field earned him a penalty.
   • The roughness of the children's play worried the parents.

   Synonymsboisterousnessdisorderlinesshooliganismrowdinessturbulenceunrulinessviolence

6. Surface pitting from corrosionC1formal

   The formation of small pits or irregularities on a surface due to chemical or electrochemical corrosion.

   Шероховатость от коррозии

   • The roughness caused by corrosion weakened the metal structure.
   • Engineers measured the roughness of the pipe after years of use.
   • The roughness of the surface indicated advanced rusting.

   Synonymspitting

7. Harsh speech or behaviorB2formal

   Severe, unkind, or blunt language or actions.

   Грубость

   • The roughness of his criticism upset the team.
   • She was hurt by the roughness of his tone.
   • The roughness of the negotiation surprised both parties.

   Synonymsabruptnessbluntnessbrusquenessgruffnessharshnessrudenessseveritysharpnessunkindness

   Antonymscourtesygentlenesskindnesspolitenesssmoothness