soil

• Существительное, обозначающее верхний слой земли, в котором растут растения, состоящий из смеси органических остатков, глины и частиц горных пород.

A noun referring to the upper layer of earth in which plants grow, consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock particles.

uncountable

1. Earth or groundA2formal

   The top layer of the earth's surface in which plants grow, consisting of rock and mineral particles mixed with organic matter.

   Почва

   • The farmer tilled the soil before planting the seeds.
   • Rich, dark soil is ideal for growing vegetables.
   • The soil in this region is very sandy.

   Synonymsdirtearthgroundloamtopsoil

2. Territory or landB2formal

   A particular country or region, often used in a political or poetic context.

   Земля

   • He longed to return to his native soil.
   • The soldiers fought to defend their country's soil.
   • The treaty was signed on foreign soil.

   Synonymscountrygroundhomelandlandnative landterritory

• Глагол, используемый для обозначения действия по загрязнению чего-либо или становлению грязным, часто грязью, сажей или другими веществами.

A verb used to indicate the act of making something dirty, or to become dirty, often with mud, grime, or other substances.

1. Make dirtyB1formal

   To make something dirty, especially with mud, dirt, or waste.

   Загрязнить

   • The children soiled their clothes while playing in the garden.
   • He accidentally soiled the carpet with red wine.
   • The dog soiled the floor after coming in from the rain.

   Synonymsbefoulbesmirchcontaminatedirtymuddypollutesmudgestainsullytarnish

   Antonymscleanpurifywash

2. Damage reputationB2formal

   To spoil or damage someone's reputation or honor.

   Запятнать

   • The scandal soiled his reputation in the community.
   • False accusations can soil a person's good name.
   • She refused to soil her integrity by lying.

   Synonymsbesmirchblackendefamedisgracedishonorsmearstainsullytainttarnish

   Antonymsdignifyelevateexaltglorifyhonorrespectuphold