rough

Describes a surface that is not smooth, or a situation that is difficult or unpleasant.

ruОписывает поверхность, которая не является гладкой, или ситуацию, которая является трудной или неприятной.esDescribe una superficie que no es lisa, o una situación que es difícil o desagradable.frDécrit une surface qui n'est pas lisse, ou une situation difficile ou désagréable.deBezeichnet eine Oberfläche, die nicht glatt ist, oder eine Situation, die schwierig, hart oder unangenehm ist.ptDescreve uma superfície que não é lisa, ou uma situação que é difícil ou desagradável.zh形容表面不平滑、不精细，或形容情况艰难、不愉快。arيصف سطحًا غير أملس أو خشن الملمس، أو وضعًا صعبًا أو مزعجًا.

1. Uneven surface A2 formal

   Having an uneven or irregular surface; not smooth.

   • The rough texture of the stone made it difficult to walk on.
   • Her hands were rough from years of manual labor.
   • The road was rough and full of potholes.

   ruНеровныйesSuperficie desigualfrrugueuxdeUnebene OberflächeptÁsperozh粗糙的arخَشِن

   Sinônimos: bumpycoarseirregularjaggedlumpynubbypittedruggedscraggyuneven

   Antônimos: evenflatlevelsmooth

2. Approximate or not exact B1 formal

   Not exact or precise; approximate.

   • Can you give me a rough estimate of the cost?
   • I have a rough idea of what happened.
   • The rough draft of the essay needs more work.

   ruПриблизительныйesaproximado, no exactofrapproximatif, imprécisdeUngefährptAproximadozh粗略的arتقريبي

   Sinônimos: approximatecursorygeneralimpreciseinexactloosesketchyvague

   Antônimos: accuratecloseexactprecise

3. Difficult or unpleasant B1 informal

   Characterized by hardship, difficulty, or unpleasantness.

   • He's been going through a rough time lately.
   • The weather was rough during the storm.
   • She had a rough day at work.

   ruТрудныйesdifícil o desagradablefrdifficile, durdeSchwierig oder unangenehmptDifícilzh艰难的arصعب

   Sinônimos: arduousdifficultgruelinghardharshrigorousseveretoughtryingunpleasant

   Antônimos: agreeablecomfortableeasypleasantsmooth

4. Not gentle or violent B1 informal

   Behaving in a harsh, aggressive, or violent manner.

   • The kids were playing too rough and someone got hurt.
   • He has a rough manner of speaking.
   • The dog was too rough with the children.

   ruГрубыйesBruto, violentofrBrutaldeGrobptGrosseirozh粗暴arخَشِن

   Sinônimos: aggressivebelligerentbrutalferociousharshrowdysavageviciousviolentwild

   Antônimos: gentlekindmildsofttender

• rougher comparative form
• roughest superlative form

incontável

A noun referring to a preliminary, unfinished, or unrefined version or state of something, such as a sketch, draft, or surface texture.

ruСуществительное, обозначающее предварительную, незавершённую или необработанную версию или состояние чего-либо, например, набросок, черновик или текстура поверхности.esSustantivo que designa una versión preliminar, inacabada o sin pulir de algo, como un boceto, un borrador o una superficie rugosa.frNom désignant une version préliminaire, inachevée ou non travaillée d'une chose, comme une ébauche, un brouillon, ou une surface à l'état brut.deSubstantiv, das eine vorläufige, unfertige oder unbearbeitete Version oder einen solchen Zustand bezeichnet, z. B. einen Entwurf, eine Skizze oder die Beschaffenheit einer Oberfläche.ptSubstantivo que designa uma versão ou estado preliminar, incompleto ou não acabado de algo, como um esboço, rascunho ou a textura de uma superfície.zh指未完成的、初步的或未经处理的版本或状态，例如草图、草稿或粗糙的表面。arاسم يشير إلى نسخة أولية غير مكتملة أو غير منقحة من شيء ما، كالمسودة أو الرسم التخطيطي، كما يشير إلى الملمس الخشن غير المصقول لسطح ما.

1. Unfinished or preliminary state B2 informal

   A preliminary or unfinished version of something, such as a sketch or draft.

   • I'll show you the rough of the design first.
   • He wrote a rough of his speech before editing it.
   • The artist presented a rough of the painting to the client.

   ruЧерновикesBorrador o versión preliminarfrébauche, esquissedeEntwurfptRascunhozh草稿arمسودة

   Sinônimos: draftoutlinesketch

   Antônimos: completefinalfinishedpolished

2. Difficult or unpleasant person C1 informal british

   A person who is tough, uncouth, or prone to violence.

   • The pub was full of roughs looking for a fight.
   • He was known as a rough in the neighborhood.
   • The roughs caused trouble at the football match.

   ruГрубиянesPersona difícil o desagradablefrpersonne dure/dangereusedeGrober MenschptBrutozh粗人arفظ، غليظ

   Sinônimos: bullyhoodlumhooliganrowdyruffianthugtoughyob

A verb meaning to make something uneven or to live in uncomfortable conditions, often used in the phrase 'rough it'.

ruГлагол, означающий делать что-то неровным или жить в некомфортных условиях, часто используется во фразе 'rough it' (обходиться без удобств).esVerbo que significa hacer algo áspero o irregular, o vivir en condiciones incómodas, a menudo usado en la frase 'rough it' (arreglárselas sin comodidades).frVerbe signifiant rendre quelque chose irrégulier ou rugueux, ou vivre dans des conditions inconfortables, souvent utilisé dans l'expression 'rough it' (se passer de confort).deVerb, das bedeutet, etwas uneben oder rau zu machen; außerdem in der Wendung 'to rough it' verwendet, um unter einfachen, unbequemen Bedingungen zu leben.ptVerbo que significa tornar algo áspero, irregular ou não liso; também usado na expressão 'rough it', que quer dizer viver sem conforto ou com poucas comodidades.zh动词，意为使某物变得不平整或粗糙，也常指过简朴、不舒适的生活，常用于短语 'rough it'（过艰苦的生活，将就着过）。arفعل يعني جعل الشيء غير مستوٍ أو خشن الملمس، ويُستعمل أيضاً بمعنى العيش في ظروف قاسية أو غير مريحة، خاصة في عبارة 'rough it' أي الاستغناء عن وسائل الراحة.

1. Prepare in preliminary or sketchy form B2 informal

   To create a rough, unfinished, or basic version of something, such as a drawing, plan, or document.

   • The architect roughed out a design for the new building.
   • She roughed in the main points of her speech.
   • He roughed up a quick sketch of the scene.

   ruНабросатьesbocetar, esbozarfrébaucherdeEntwerfenptEsboçarzh起草arوضع مسودة

   Sinônimos: adumbrateblock outdraftoutlinerough inrough outsketch

   Antônimos: completeperfectpolishrefine

• roughed past participle
• roughed past simple
• roughing present participle
• roughs third person singular

Variantes phrasal: rough inrough outrough up