rough

• 形容表面不平滑、不精细，或形容情况艰难、不愉快。

Describes a surface that is not smooth, or a situation that is difficult or unpleasant.

1. Uneven surfaceA2formal

   Having an uneven or irregular surface; not smooth.

   粗糙的

   • The rough texture of the stone made it difficult to walk on.
   • Her hands were rough from years of manual labor.
   • The road was rough and full of potholes.

   同义词bumpycoarseirregularjaggedlumpynubbypittedruggedscraggyuneven

   反义词evenflatlevelsmooth

2. Approximate or not exactB1formal

   Not exact or precise; approximate.

   粗略的

   • Can you give me a rough estimate of the cost?
   • I have a rough idea of what happened.
   • The rough draft of the essay needs more work.

   同义词approximatecursorygeneralimpreciseinexactloosesketchyvague

   反义词accuratecloseexactprecise

3. Difficult or unpleasantB1informal

   Characterized by hardship, difficulty, or unpleasantness.

   艰难的

   • He's been going through a rough time lately.
   • The weather was rough during the storm.
   • She had a rough day at work.

   同义词arduousdifficultgruelinghardharshrigorousseveretoughtryingunpleasant

   反义词agreeablecomfortableeasypleasantsmooth

4. Not gentle or violentB1informal

   Behaving in a harsh, aggressive, or violent manner.

   粗暴

   • The kids were playing too rough and someone got hurt.
   • He has a rough manner of speaking.
   • The dog was too rough with the children.

   同义词aggressivebelligerentbrutalferociousharshrowdysavageviciousviolentwild

   反义词gentlekindmildsofttender

• 指未完成的、初步的或未经处理的版本或状态，例如草图、草稿或粗糙的表面。

A noun referring to a preliminary, unfinished, or unrefined version or state of something, such as a sketch, draft, or surface texture.

不可数

1. Unfinished or preliminary stateB2informal

   A preliminary or unfinished version of something, such as a sketch or draft.

   草稿

   • I'll show you the rough of the design first.
   • He wrote a rough of his speech before editing it.
   • The artist presented a rough of the painting to the client.

   同义词draftoutlinesketch

   反义词completefinalfinishedpolished

2. Difficult or unpleasant personC1informalbritish

   A person who is tough, uncouth, or prone to violence.

   粗人

   • The pub was full of roughs looking for a fight.
   • He was known as a rough in the neighborhood.
   • The roughs caused trouble at the football match.

   同义词bullyhoodlumhooliganrowdyruffianthugtoughyob

• 动词，意为使某物变得不平整或粗糙，也常指过简朴、不舒适的生活，常用于短语 'rough it'（过艰苦的生活，将就着过）。

A verb meaning to make something uneven or to live in uncomfortable conditions, often used in the phrase 'rough it'.

1. Prepare in preliminary or sketchy formB2informal

   To create a rough, unfinished, or basic version of something, such as a drawing, plan, or document.

   起草

   • The architect roughed out a design for the new building.
   • She roughed in the main points of her speech.
   • He roughed up a quick sketch of the scene.

   同义词adumbrateblock outdraftoutlinerough inrough outsketch

   反义词completeperfectpolishrefine

短语动词变体rough inrough outrough up