rubbing

A noun referring to the act or result of applying pressure and friction to a surface, or a copy of a design made by rubbing a material over a textured surface.

ruСуществительное, обозначающее действие или результат приложения давления и трения к поверхности, а также копию рисунка, полученную натиранием материала по текстурированной поверхности.esSustantivo que designa la acción o el efecto de frotar o presionar contra una superficie, así como la copia o calco de un dibujo obtenido al frotar un material sobre una superficie texturizada.frNom désignant l'action de frotter ou de presser une surface, ainsi que le résultat de cette action, notamment une copie ou une empreinte obtenue en frottant un matériau sur une surface texturée.deSubstantiv, das die Handlung oder das Ergebnis bezeichnet, Druck und Reibung auf eine Oberfläche auszuüben, sowie eine durch Abreiben von Material auf einer strukturierten Oberfläche gewonnene Kopie (Abrieb, Abklatsch).ptSubstantivo que designa a ação ou o resultado de aplicar pressão e fricção sobre uma superfície, bem como a cópia de um desenho obtida ao esfregar um material sobre uma superfície texturizada.zh名词，指施加压力并摩擦表面的动作或其结果，也指将材料在纹理表面上摩擦而得到的图案副本（拓印）。arاسم يدل على عملية الضغط والفرك على سطح، أو أثر ناتج عن ذلك، وعلى نسخة من رسم أو نقش تُحصل عليها بفرك مادة فوق سطح خشن.

1. Action of rubbing B1 formal

   The act of moving one surface against another with pressure.

   • The rubbing of the cloth against the table left a mark.
   • A gentle rubbing of the sore muscle helped relieve the pain.
   • Constant rubbing can damage the surface of the wood.

   ruТрениеesacción de frotarfrFrottementdeReibenptFricçãozh摩擦arدَلْك

   Синонимы: abrasionchafingfrictionrubscrubbing

2. Art reproduction technique B2 formal art

   A copy of a design or texture made by placing paper over a surface and rubbing it with a pencil, chalk, or crayon.

   • She made a brass rubbing of the medieval tombstone.
   • The artist created a rubbing of the ancient stone carving.
   • Rubbings are often used to preserve the details of historical monuments.

   ruОттискesFrotamiento (técnica de reproducción artística)frFrottis, décalque par frottementdeDurchreibungptDecalquezh拓印arنقل بالسحق

   Синонимы: frottageimpressionsqueeze

• rubbings plural form
• rubbings' possessive plural form
• rubbing's possessive singular form

A verb used to indicate the act of moving one surface against another, often with pressure, for cleaning, smoothing, or applying something.

ruГлагол, используемый для обозначения действия перемещения одной поверхности по другой, часто с нажимом, для очистки, сглаживания или нанесения чего-либо.esVerbo que describe la acción de mover una superficie sobre otra, a menudo con presión, para limpiar, alisar, frotar o aplicar algo.frVerbe désignant l'action de passer une surface contre une autre, souvent avec pression, pour nettoyer, polir, lisser ou appliquer une substance.deVerb, das die Handlung bezeichnet, eine Oberfläche über eine andere zu bewegen, oft mit Druck, zum Reinigen, Glätten oder Auftragen von etwas.ptVerbo usado para indicar a ação de mover uma superfície sobre outra, geralmente com pressão, para limpar, alisar, polir, secar ou aplicar algo.zh动词，表示使一个表面在另一个表面上移动，通常带有压力，用于清洁、弄平或涂抹某物。arفعل يدل على تحريك سطح على سطح آخر مع الضغط غالبًا، وذلك للتنظيف أو التسوية أو إزالة شيء أو إيصال أثر مادة.

1. Apply pressure and move A2 formal

   To move one's hand or an object back and forth over a surface while pressing, often to clean, dry, or soothe.

   • She rubbed her eyes after waking up.
   • He rubbed the stain with a cloth to remove it.
   • The cat rubbed against my leg.

   ruТеретьesfrotarfrFrotter en appuyantdeReibenptEsfregarzh摩擦arيَدْعَكُ

   Синонимы: chafemassagepolishscrapescrubstrokewipe

2. Massage B1 formal

   To press and move your hands on a part of someone's body to reduce pain or help them relax.

   • The therapist rubbed my shoulders to relieve the tension.
   • He rubbed his sore muscles after the workout.
   • She gently rubbed the baby's back to help him sleep.

   ruМассироватьesmasajearfrmasserdeMassierenptMassagearzh按摩arتدليك

   Синонимы: kneadmanipulatemassagework

3. Cause friction B1 formal

   To cause something to move against something else, often resulting in wear or irritation.

   • The new shoes rubbed against my heels and caused blisters.
   • The rope rubbed against the rock, fraying over time.
   • The collar of the shirt rubbed his neck uncomfortably.

   ruТеретьesfrotarfrfrotterdeReibenptFriccionarzh摩擦arحكّ

   Синонимы: abradechafecorradegrategrindscrapewear

• rubbed past participle
• rubbed past simple
• rubbing present participle
• rubs third person singular

Фразовые варианты: rub alongrub downrub offrub out