rubbing

• Существительное, обозначающее действие или результат приложения давления и трения к поверхности, а также копию рисунка, полученную натиранием материала по текстурированной поверхности.

A noun referring to the act or result of applying pressure and friction to a surface, or a copy of a design made by rubbing a material over a textured surface.

1. Action of rubbingB1formal

   The act of moving one surface against another with pressure.

   Трение

   • The rubbing of the cloth against the table left a mark.
   • A gentle rubbing of the sore muscle helped relieve the pain.
   • Constant rubbing can damage the surface of the wood.

   Synonymsabrasionchafingfrictionrubscrubbing

2. Art reproduction techniqueB2formalart

   A copy of a design or texture made by placing paper over a surface and rubbing it with a pencil, chalk, or crayon.

   Оттиск

   • She made a brass rubbing of the medieval tombstone.
   • The artist created a rubbing of the ancient stone carving.
   • Rubbings are often used to preserve the details of historical monuments.

   Synonymsfrottageimpressionsqueeze

• Глагол, используемый для обозначения действия перемещения одной поверхности по другой, часто с нажимом, для очистки, сглаживания или нанесения чего-либо.

A verb used to indicate the act of moving one surface against another, often with pressure, for cleaning, smoothing, or applying something.

1. Apply pressure and moveA2formal

   To move one's hand or an object back and forth over a surface while pressing, often to clean, dry, or soothe.

   Тереть

   • She rubbed her eyes after waking up.
   • He rubbed the stain with a cloth to remove it.
   • The cat rubbed against my leg.

   Synonymschafemassagepolishscrapescrubstrokewipe

2. MassageB1formal

   To press and move your hands on a part of someone's body to reduce pain or help them relax.

   Массировать

   • The therapist rubbed my shoulders to relieve the tension.
   • He rubbed his sore muscles after the workout.
   • She gently rubbed the baby's back to help him sleep.

   Synonymskneadmanipulatemassagework

3. Cause frictionB1formal

   To cause something to move against something else, often resulting in wear or irritation.

   Тереть

   • The new shoes rubbed against my heels and caused blisters.
   • The rope rubbed against the rock, fraying over time.
   • The collar of the shirt rubbed his neck uncomfortably.

   Synonymsabradechafecorradegrategrindscrapewear

Phrasal variantsrub alongrub downrub offrub out